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HISTORY OF 




Oiniatedl 



^irsay OeinKirrnD IH!©^pntefl M(0)a 3S 



DETROIT, MICHIGAN 



19 19 



Lt. Col. Alexander T. Cooper, M. C. 
COMMANDING 



History of United States 
Army General Hospital No. 36 

DETROIT, MICHIGAN 



LT. COL, ALEXANDER T, COOPER, M. C. 

COMMANDING 

By 

Frazbr Hood, 1st Lieut., S. C. 
POST HISTORIAN 




19 19 






M 



PREFACE 

The plan of the History herewith submitted is, first, to 
give in running narrative the story of the beginning and 
development of the Hospital, followed by accounts in more 
detail of the activities of the several Services and De- 
ments, and closing with a chapter devoted to the work of 
the American Red Cross and auxiliary organizations, the 
Y. M. C. A., K. of C, Jewish Welfare Board, A. L. A., etc. 
There is an appendix containing the Roster of the Army 
Nurse Corps, Reconstruction Aides and the enlisted per- 
sonnel. The roster of the commissioned personnel will 
be found at the close ol Chapter H. 

It was thought advisable to begin the History with a 
brief account of the Hospital's activities before it was 
taken over by the government as a reconstruction hospital. 
The data for this part of the History was secured by the 
editor from Mr. E. G. Liebold, the private secretary of Mr. 
Henry Ford. For assistance in writing the description of 
equipment the editor is indebted to Mr. Charles Koehler, 
chief engineer of the hospital. Acknowledgments are due 
to Lieutenant-Colonel Cooper and Major Geiorge F. Arps for 
the kindly interest manifested, and to Majors Roscoe Sen- 
senich^ Shirley W. Bowles and Lieuts. R. H. Leece and Aug- 
ust Siedler for helpful assistance tendered during the writ- 
ing of this History. Major H. D. Hatfield began this His- 
tory, but his discharge from thei service terminated his 
work. He had, however, collected material which has 
been valuable to the editor in his work. Obligations to 
Major Hatfield are here» acknowledged. 

LIEUTENANT FRAZER HOOD, S. C, 

Post Historian. 
U. S. A. GENERAL HOSPITAL NO. 36, 
DETROIT. MICHIGAN, 
JULY 7, 1919. _ 






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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Pages 
CHAPTER I. 

Pre- War History of Hospital 5-18 

CHAPTER 11. 
Activities Since the War 18-23 

CHAPTER HI. 
Description of Plant and Equipment 23-29 

CHAPTER IV. 

Surgical Service 29-36 

CHAPTER V. 
Medical Service 36-41 

CHAPTER VI. 

Educational Service 41-50 

CHAPTER VII. 
Dental Service 51-54 

CHAPTER VIII. 
Utilities, Personnel and Registrar 54-60 

CHAPTER IX. 
Hospital Newspaper 60-63 

CHAPTER X. 

Red Cross and Auxiliary Organizations 63-70 

Appendix. 



OPPORTUNITY 

They do me wrong who say I come no more, 
When once I knock and fail to find you in; 
For every day I stand outside your door. 
And bid you wake, and rise to fight and win. 

Wail not for precious chances passed away, 
Weep not for golden ages on the wane! 
Each night I burn the records of the day; 
At sunrise every soul is born again! 

Laugh like a boy at splendors that have sped, 
To vanished joys be blind and deaf and dumb; 
My judgments seal the dead past with its dead. 
But never bind a moment yet to come. 

Though deep in mire, wring not your hands and weep; 
I lend my arm to all who say, "I can." 
No shamefaced outcast ever sank so deep. 
But yet might rise and be again a man! 

Dost thou behold thy lost youth all aghast? 
Dost reel from righteous Retribution's blow? 
Then turn from blotted archieves of the past. 
And find the future's pages white as snow. 

Art thou a mourner? Rouse thee from thy spell! 
Art thou a sinner? Sins may be forgiven! 
Each morning gives thee wings to flee from hell, 
Each night a star to guide thy feet to heaven. 

—WALTER MALONE. 



CHAPTER I. 

PRE-WAR HISTORY 

It will be meet to begin the story of the beginning and 
development of U. S. A. General Hospital No. 36, by a 
brieif sketch of the pre-war history of the hospital, which 
gave itself so generously to the Government — a hospital, 
owned by and bearing the name of Henry Ford. 

Some eight years ago, the»re was a corporation formed, 
in the City of Detroit, for the purpose of erecting a hos- 
pital, to be designed and equipped along the linft of the 
latest improvements in hospital construction. Into this 
corporation, Mr. Henry Ford paid $110,000 in money and 
material, this being one-sixth of the capital stock. After op- 
erations had begun, and when four buildings were partly 
completed, there arose a disagreement among the original 
stockholders, as to the extent of equipment, and the policy 
that should govern the opevration of the hospital. During 
several months of discussion among the stockholders, Mr. 
Ford finally made the proposition that he would pay par- 
value for the stock owned by the other members of the 
corporation. The proposition was accepted and Mr. Ford 
became sole owner of, what was called at the time the 
Government took over the plant, The Henry Ford Hospital. 
It was in 1914, while work was still in progress on the first 
building, that Mr. Ford assumed control. It was not until 
August 15, 1915, that the hospital opened its doors to re- 
ceive its first patients. 

During the time from assuming control until the open- 
ing of the hospital, Mr. Ford was making diligent investi- 
gation of all the great hospitals of America, and Europe, 
for the purpose of acculating a good deal of material that 
he could use in bringing to fruition his idea of what a mod- 
ern, well appointed, and scientifically equipped hospital 
should be. He» found that one of the very essential fea- 
tures about a hospital is the kitchen. The main kitchen, in 
connection with this hospital, might well be taken as a 



model for future construction. Its spacious proportions; 
its ventilation; fume hoods; tiled floor, enameled walls and 
ceiling makes it easy to keep clean and sanitary. Its large 
pantries and store-rooms enable the work to be donei with 
the least possible waste of time. It is thoroughly modern 
in its equipment of ranges, kettles, dishwashing machines, 
etc. 

It is, perhaps, in the construction of the surgical build- 
ing that the most care was expended.There are twelve 
operating rooms, all inter-connecting, and each with a door 
opening into the main corridor. There Is a double heating 
plant that obviates exigencies that would arise, should 
there be but one heating plant and it should go dead. The 
system oT ventilation permits the tight closing of all the 
doors and windows in the operating rooms and the heat- 
ing arrangements are constructed with a view of varying 
the temperature and humidity of the air. The system of 
sterilization provides for sterilized cold water, as well as 
hot water. And the plumbing is chosen, with a view to 
contributing all that is possible to the convenience of the 
operating surgeons and assistants. 

Since the original idea of Mr. Ford in the founding of 
his hospital was to maket it a place where research would 
be carried on it was necessary to provide facilities for pre- 
senting the results of investigation. One of these facilities 
is a large, wejl lighted and ventilated amphitheatre. The 
first impression one gets when he enters this amphitheatre 
is that some attention has been paid to aesthetic demands. 
In size, decorative effects and lighting, it appeals to one's 
sense of harmony and proportion. This amphitheatre is 
in direct connection with each of the twelve operating 
rooms, so that for clinical purposes it is readily available. 
The system of artificial lighting, in this amphitheatro, is 
well deserving of special mention. The overhead system is 
employed, and after repeated experiment, the architect was 
able to secure a result that prevented anj'^ interference of 
light, such as shadow effects. 

6 



By way of parenthesis, I am reminded that but for this 
splendid amphitheatre the administration of the Army 
Hospital would have been greatly handicapped. For a long 
time, it was the only place of public assembly that we had 
at the. post. Since then, the construction of a Y. M. C. A. 
hut and a Red Cross building have met the .grovjins: audi- 
torium demands. 

Another agency, contributing toward the idea of re- 
search, is the original laboratory of the hospital. This 
equipment includes an entire building, connected with the 
surgical department by means of a long corridor. The 
Laboratory Building provides space, interior arrangement, 
and proper lighting facilities for the conduct of the various 
branches of laboratory science. 

The fourth building in the original plan is the Medical 
building, 180x46 feiet, with basement and three floors. In 
the basement of this structure is installed the hydro-thera- 
putic department, with all modern appointments. On each 
of the three floors are rooms with baths and a die* kitchen, 
dressing and utilities rooms. 

In 1917 was begun the main building intended to provide 
500 single rooms with bath and toilet. This structure has 
a frontage of 703 feett and an average width of 117 feet, and 
when finally completed, according to plans, will be perfect 
in all details. Mr. Albert C. Wood was the architect of 
the hospital. The plans were decided upon after a number 
of months of study by Mr. Liebold and Mr. Wood of the 
largest and most modern Jhospitals throughout the country. 

The predominant motive of Mr. Ford, in the construction 
of his hospital was service. He deeired this to be a place 
where men and women in need of medical examination, 
could come and have, at their disposal the best that medi- 
cal science could give. And since serving the public was 
the main thought that conceived the hospital, the fact that 
at first the hospital was especially functioning as a place 
for the treatment of drug addicts is explained by the fact 
that when it first opened to receive patients the most 



urgent need need at the time was the service to those poor 
unfortunates, who had become addicted to the use of drugs, 
and found themselves in dire plight, as they faced the 
stringent federal law governing the sale of narcotics. But 
it was never intended that this should be the mam service 
that it would offer to the public. If there can be said to 
be a main idea it can be expressed by saying that the 
hospital is a place for diagnosis more than for treatment. 
It was in this latter role that the Henry Ford Hospital 
was functioning, when the generous offer was made to the 
Government to turn over this splendid plant for use of 
the Army as a reconstruction hospital for disabled sailors 
and soldiers. 



CHAPTER II. 

ACTIVITIES SINCE THE WAR 

Me>asured in terms of years, U. S. A. General Hospital 
No. 36 has hardly lived long enough to have made histoiy; 
but measured by its activities, it has no mean story to 
chronicle. Beginning to function as a reconstruction hos- 
pital only in February, 1919, when its first overseas patients 
arrived, there is yet a story to tell of the busy months 
preceding the admission of overseas patients — months in 
which the most careful preparation was made to begin the 
work immediately the first patients arrived. 

The lease renting the entire hospital buildings and 
grounds was drawn up and signed on October 5, 1918, Mr. 
Ford leasing the hospital to the Medical De»partment of the 
Army for the sum of $1.00 per year, the lease being re- 
newable yearly during the poriod of the war at the option 
of the Government and was not to run for more than thirty 
years or more than eighteen months after declaration of 
peace between the United States and Germany. The lease 
was signed by Mr. E. G. Liebold for the Henry Ford Hos- 
pital and Lieut. Colonel John A. Hornsby for the Medical 
Department. 

On October 30, 1918, Lieut. Col. Alexander T. Cooper, 
Mesdical Corps, arrived in Detroit to assume command of 

8 



this hospital and found only one officer, Captain Louis R. 
Douglas, Q. M. C. who had been, since October 6, on temp- 
orary duty as construction quartermaster. The main build- 
ing was far from completion, and there was neither Army 
Nurse Corps nor eoilisted personnel. But on November 5, 
1918, Captain Robert Peterson, Sanitary Corps, reported 
for duty and was assigned Adjutant, and in connection with 
his other duties, Assistant Personnel and Mess Officer. 
November 8, Captain Roy T. Urquhart, Medical Corps, and 
on November 11, 2nd Lieut. Walter H. Hemmingway, San- 
itary Corps, reported for duty, the former as temporary 
mess officer, and the latter, temporary detachment com- 
mander. On November 14, 2nd Lieut. Charles E. Ander- 
son, Quartermaster Corps, reported for duty, on the 23rd 
inst. Major Henry D. Hatfitjld, Medical Corps, reported for 
duty and assigned chief of surgical service. November 25, 
Captain Thedore H. Williams, Q. M. C. on the 27th, First 
Lieut. Stanley J. Se>eger, Medical Corps, on the 28th, Second 
Lieut. James H. Handy, Q. M. C. and on the 30th, Captain 
John H. Christie reported as quartermaster. Captain Wil- 
liams as officer in charge of utilities, and Lieut. Handy as 
assistant to him In the meantime. Miss Mabel C. Kirk- 
patrick, A. N. C, had reported for duty as chief nurse from 
Fort Riley, Kansas, and fourteen nurses from Fort Wayne, 
and twenty-eight medical detachment men from Camp Cus- 
ter, arrived for duty. Thus the hospital began to assume 
form and vesture. 

Mr. Cotton, field auditor, who arrived on the same day 
as Colonel Cooper, remained at the. hospital until April 1, 
1919. 

Scarcity of labor and difficulties of assembling material 
delayed the completion of the main building in the hospital 
plan, and because the othea- buildings on the ground were 
taxed to capacity to house the nurse corps, enlisted person- 
nel, administration offices, and store equipment which had 
begun to arrive*, it was not possible to receive overseas 
patients before the last of February. During the month of 
January, the influenza epidemic compelled the authorities 





to improvise a ward in the corridor connecting the old hos- 
pital buildings. Notwithstanding over 150 admissions for 
influenza among the command, no deaths resulted among 
the officers, nurses or enlisted men on the post. But while 
there were no overseas sick and wounded to care for, there 
was much work to do in assembling and placing the 
equipment, supervising the alterations necessary to fit the 
plant for reconstruction purposes and organizing the sev- 
eral de^partments and getting them in readiness for the 
service awaiting to be rendered. The amount of altera- 
tions was by no means inconsiderable. To most of the 
officers, recently eintering the army from civil life Army, 
the ideas of Reconstruction Hospitals v/ere but dimly en- 
visaged, and il va sans dire, the methods of proceedure 
were far from clear. So that the first three months after 
the hospital became a Government agency, were a period 
of adjustment. 

How well the hospital has done its work is told best in 
the lives of the patients who have come under its care. At 
first there wea-e many forces to be coordinated, many in- 
divualities to be orchestrated. The history of Number 36 
is the story of how the medical surgical and educational 
officers came to see what part thei coordinated agencies 
play in the restoration of disabled limbs, shattered nervous 
system and the other war disabilities, the story of how 
educational officeirs learned more and more, the big part 
medicine and surgery play in the learning process, how 
the physician came to appreciate the curative workshop, 
how each came to appreciate the service which Dentistry 
offers, and how the considerate and tactful military dici- 
pline tended toward a well organized and orderly hospital. 

In the Surgical Service, the>re have been two chiefs. 
Major Henry D. Hatfield, who began this history and whose 
work is herewith acknowledged serving for just a brief 
time, and Major Frederick G. Dyas, since January 3, 1919. 
As head of the Department of Orthopaedics, Major Fred- 
erick C. Kidner has been on duty since February 27, 1919. 
Since nearly all of the cases in the hospital are classi- 
fiable as Orthopaedic, Major Kidner has borne a large 

10 



share of the responsibility. Serving under Major Kidner 
are, besides the assistant surgeions, the physio-therapy 
aidee. Captain Tom S. Mebane is first assistant, and Cap- 
tain Carrol L. Storey is in charge of the brace shop. 

The medical service has had threie chiefs. The first, 
Major Ernest B. Bradley, serving until January 15, 1919, 
when Major Phillip A. Sheaff became chief, serving until 
March 19, 1919, when Major Roscoe L. Senseinich became 
chief. Lieut. Robert N. Bramhall is assistant chief of 
service . 

Major Shirley W. Bowles, D. C, has been chief of the 
deaital service since December 12, 1918. 

Major George F. Arps, S. C, is chief of the educational 
service, and has been since Dece,mber 12, 1918, at which 
time, also, the assistant chief of the educational service, 
First Lieut. Frazer Hood, S. C, re.ported for duty. 

The quartermaster and supply officer, of the hospital, is 
Captain John H. Christie, Q. M. C, who has been continu- 
ously on duty since November 30, 1918. This has been 
a most ejfficiently directed department, and the work has 
steadily been increasing in efficiency and amount. 

The personnel adjutant, and registrar is First Lieut. Aug- 
ust Siedler, S. C. The report from the- personnel office 
gives the following interesting details. The Commanding 
Officer arrived on October 30, 1918; November 23, 1918, 
the first detachment of enlisted men arrived from Camp 
Custer, Michigan, tw*enty-eight men; December 14, 1918, 
detachment of three hundred and eighty men arrived from 
Camp GTeenleaf, Ga. On November 23, 1918, the first 
nurse. Miss Mable C. Kirkpatrick, reported for duty as 
chief nurse; on the 23rd instant, fourteen nurses arrived 
from Fort Wayne, Michigan, and on the 25th of Decembeo: 
the hospital received a Christmas present, in the person of 
forty nurses from Fort Riley, Kansas. The number of en- 
listed men, June 20, 1919: Medical De{)artment, 489; 
Quartermaster Corps, 2; Motor Transport Corps, 33; Ord- 
ance Corps, 1. 

11 



The registrar's office shows that November 25, 1918, 
was the date the first patient was received in this hos- 
pital. The total number of admissions to June 20, 1919, is 
1,990. The date of arrival of first detachment of overseas 
patients was February 20, 1919. The number of patients 
In the hospital June 20, 1919, was 669. 

Of the admissions, to the hospital, 363 have been from 
command, 1,179 by transfer from other hospitals; and 85 
from other sources. The dispositions show 873 returned to 
duty; 55 discharged for disability; 1 died; 38 transferred to 
other hospitals; 76 otherwise disposed of. Remaining in 
hospital 592, in quarters, 14. Days lost in hospital, 45,618 
and in quarters, 1,901. These figures are for ofiicers and 
enlisted men. For nurses, the following: Admitted from 
command, 33; by transfer from other hospitals, 3; re- 
turned to duty, 26; otherwise disposed of, 2; remaining in 
hospital, 8; days lost in hospital, 432, in quarters, 60. The 
figures for civilian employes show admissions to the hos- 
pital, 29; of these a died; otherwise disposed of, 22; re*- 
maining in hospital, 4; days lost in hospital, 175. 

The hospital dispensary opened December 9, 1918. The 
number of prescriptions filled to June 20, 1919, was 4,867. 
The sectional case system is used in the dispensary, and 
there are three men on duty there, all graduate pharma- 
cists. 

The Utilities department has had three heads. The first 
was Captain Theo. H. Williams, Q. M. C, who reported for 
duty November 25, 1918. Second Lieut. Roy B. Martin, Q. 
M. C, who reported for duty December 20, as assistant 
officer, was later made officer in charge or Utilities and 
served until June, 1919, v/hen Major E. W. Briggs reported 
from Camp Devens, Mass., and assumed control. The 
civilian employes in the Utilities department are the chief 
engineer, Mr. Charles Koeler, who was the chief engineer 
under the Ford management, one assistant engineer, four; 
head plumbers, one; janitor, four; chief eloctricians, one; 
head carpenter, two; laborers, four. Besides these, there 
are 30 enlisted men, four plumbers, t^ight carpenters, six 

12 



electricians, four firemen, four oilers, two stock-room clerks, 
one clerk, one orderly. 

The Motor Transport Corps is a most important adjunct 
to the hospital. Second Lieut. Ralph J. Gainey is the 
officer in charge. He has under him four non-commis- 
sioned officers and 37 men. The equipment consists of 
seven ambulances, four Federal trucks, on^ light Dodge 
truck, and one light Ford truck, seven Dodge touring cars, 
two roadsters, four side cars. 

It was on December fifth that the> first five men of the 
M. T. C. arrived at U. S. A. General Hospital No. 36 from 
Fort Sheridan, 111. Second Lieut. R. J. Gainey, M. T. C, 
reached this post on Decembej* 14, and took charge of the 
four big trucks, the two small trucks and the three 
passenger cars that made up the stock in trade of the 
M. T. C. at that timet 

Growth in this department was rapid. By the middle of 
January there had been added seven ambulances, six tour- 
ing cars and four motorcycles. Sgt. Harold J. Lee» ap- 
peared on the scene with fifteen men. The first month 
was a busy one. Beside answering night calls when some> 
patient on furlough was taken ill, and hauling supplies from 
the Holden avenue siding to Fort street, and from Fort 
street to the hospital, and meeting trains, the men of the 
M. T. C. justified their right to quarters in the service 
building, close to the garage where the machines, and the 
1,000 gallon gasoline tank was situated. 

In all, each of the passenger cars has traveled more than 
6,000 miles since December, while the light trucks have 
coveresd a similar distance. The motorcycles have 
checked up 2,500 miles each, and the ambulances, 1,000 
miles. 

Practically all the work of the ambulances has been in 
meeting patie/nts at the Michigan Central station, day and 
night. Ninety-three wounded men was the largest unit 
handled. Lieutent Gainey believe»3 the total number of 
patieints transported Is in the neighborhood of 1,500. 

13 



No serious accidents have occurred during the life of the 
M. T. C. here, but there have been minor mechanical diffi- 
culties enough to keep four repair men constantly at work. 

Starting with a detachment of fifteen Medical Corps 
men, the number of soldiers on duty at the hospital was 
increased to 385 when 380 men arrived here from Camp 
Greenleaf, Ga., on December 14, 1918, with Captain William 
C. Squier and Lieut. Mack in command. 

Captain Squier returned to Camp Gre»enleaf but on Jan- 
uary 2 reported again at this hospital and was assigned 
as detachment commander. Regular military retreat is 
held every evening at the hospital when all men an duty are 
required to attend. The first piece of work done by de- 
tachment men at the hospital was moving to the hospital 
building, the first patient, a woman. 

The personnel is headed by Captain William C. Squier, 
detachment commander; Lieut. Austin W. Heine, M. C, 
first assistant; and Lieut, Ralph J. Gainey, Inf., second 
assistant. Sixty me^n have been recruited for the Motor 
Transport Corps of which Lieut. Gainey is in command. 

The non-commissioned offiicers of the personnel staff 
are Martin L. Early, first sergeant, who is acting detach- 
ment sergeant major; Hosp. Sgt. Raymond Emery, acting 
as provost sergeant; Sgt. 1st cl. Raymond Flint, in charge 
of correspondence; Sgt. David Miller, record office; Sgt. 
James Wray, assigning of details; Sgt. Justice McCreary, 
record office; and Sgt, 1st cl. John Senkel, in charge of 
medical detachment supplies. William M. Paulick, pvt. 
1st cl., has been detailed to many duties in the detachment 
office. 

There are four companies in the detachment. A, B, C, and 
D. These are in charge of Sgt. 1st cl. Stiles East; Sgt. 1st cl. 
Orion L. Noble; Sgt. Ist cl. Leroy M. Mallory; and Sgt. 1st. 
cl. Lf^e H. Gruetetf". The mess sergeant is Sgt. 1st, cl. 
John D. Clarke. 

The headquarter's office, is of course, the heart of the 
administration of the hospital. Captain Robert Peterson, 

14 



Sanitary Corps, as post Adjutant, is the directing head of 
this clearing house of all Army paper work. The Adjutant 
relieves the commanding officer of all matters that do not 
require his personal attention, and is responsible that all 
orders and instructions of the Commanding Officer are 
executed. 

The organization of this department is: Sergeant Major, 
Maste)r Hospital Sergeant, John W. Martin. Paper work 
of all departments must pass through this department, 
where it is checked and passed upon and copy filed before 
it is sent out. Here, also, all orders of the commanding 
officer are prepared, distributed and recorded. Sergeant, 
First Class Harold H. Smith has charge of paper work and 
record in connection with courts martial, leaves of absence 
and special orders. Sejigeant 1st CI. A. Tabb Bassett, 
handles all paper work concerning disposition of patients 
and certificates of disability for discharge. Corporal Ben- 
jamin B. Barrack is in charge of orderlies. Private First 
Class William Bryer, in charge of supplies, Private First 
Class Joseph Coberly, head orderly; Private First Class 
Glen H. Rose, Privates Howard E. Fulton, John Milka, An- 
thony Pepe, orderlies. Miss Caroline Hall in charge of 
paper work concerning reconstruction Aides and discharg- 
ing of officers, Miss Vera Frost, in charge of files. Miss Pru- 
dence Rich, stenographer to the adjutant, Mr. Robert Pal- 
mer, stenographer to the Commanding Officer, completes 
the personnel. 

The accuracy of his work, the familiarity with Army Reg- 
ulations and the clerical judgment of the Adjutant, have 
made him a very valuable member of the hospital. 

xMORALE BRANCH 

Major George F. Arps — Hospital Morale Officer. 
First Lieut. Walter Ketchum, Chaplain — Assistant Mor- 
ale Officer. 

Second Lieut. Donald C. Drake — Assistant Morale officer. 

On December 13, 1918, by Special Order No. 17, Major 
George F. Arps was appointed morale officer for this com- 

15 



mand, Vice-Captain, Theodore H. Williams, Q. M. C. 

In view of the low state of morale among practically the 
entire command of this hospital, as this hospital was or- 
ganized after the signing of the armistice and of the uni- 
versal desire on the part of enlisted men and officers to 
be immediately discharged from the service because it 
was considered that the task of whipping the Hun had 
been accomplished, the work of the morale oflSce presented 
problems of no inconsiderable importance and complexity. 
In these circumstances it was thought desirable to enlist 
the active cooperation of the more important civic forces of 
the City of Detroit. 

Moreover it was thought desirable to centralize» all recre- 
ational activities conducted by semi- or extra-military or- 
ganization, such as the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., K .of C, 
Salvation Army, and others, under the geoieral supervision 
of the morale oflBcer. It was believed that this would tend 
to coordinate the activities of these, organizations; prevent 
wasteful duplication of effort and duplication of entertain- 
ment, and that the unification of these various organiza- 
tions would prevent possible conflict or interference with 
military duties or with such special entertaimnents which 
might come to the hospital under independent auspices. 

To secure the desired ends, the commanding oflicer of 
this post issued Memoranda Nos. 26 and 45. From the 
latter memorandum, the following paragraphs are quoted: 

"Two main groups of recreational activities under the 
direction of extra or semi-military organizations, are hereby 
established at this general hospital. 

"The first group pertains to those recreational a'jtivi- 
ties for enlisted pei'sonnel outside of the hospital grounds. 
Home entertainments, dinners, parties, dances, theatre par- 
ties, and like activities fall into this group. The two re- 
sponsible ends of the machinery for this group are the 
War Camp Community Service, represented by Mr. Eswald 
Pettitt, executive secretary, as civic end. ami Secon<l Lieut. 
D. C. Drake, assistant morale oflScer, for the hospital end. 

91 



Hereafter in the interest of economy of effort, and to avoid 
unnecessary duplication and confusion, all forms of recre- 
ation under this group will be conducted through this chan- 
nel. 

"The second group pertains to those recreational activi- 
ties taking place within the\ hospital grounds. Jn this 
group are included entertainments which will probably 
occur in Welfare buildings, assembly rooms in the hospital 
and in the wards. The two responsible ends of ti^e. machin- 
ery of this group are the War Camp Community Service, 
represented by Mrs. Trowbridge, of the civic pn^l^ and the 
field director of the American Red Cross on duty at this 
hospital, for the hospital end. The various activities 
comprehended under this group will be conducted through 
this more or less elastic channel." 

The comparative smoothness and harmony which exists 
between the various welfare organizations, and the results 
attained by them, have fully justified the wisdom of the 
commanding officer in issuing the above qiiotcd memoran- 
dum leading to the coordination of the sevei-al ag'encies. 
Their service has been relativeJy free from indiscriminate 
sporadic attempts to administer to the welfare of the 
patients and enlisted meiu and as a result there have been 
practically no manifestaiions of excessive emotionalism in 
any of their efforts to care for the best interests of all. On 
the contrary, the outstanding features of the conduct of all 
individuals and organizations interested in bolstering up the 
morale of patients and personnel, at this post, may be de- 
scribed as thoughtful, deliberat3 and singuarly ire^e from 
sentimental indulgence. 

The excellent work of the morale departmont succeeded 
in raising the esprit de corps of the officers and men so Ihat 
the morale of the post rose to a very high degree consider- 
ing the difficulties to contend with, not the least of which 
was the universal desire to leavo the service as it was now 
considered the war was over. 

The importance of viewing thei needs and welfare of the 

17 



patients from the standpoint of ii perspective of years, has 
at all times been emphasized. It has been pointed out that 
sentimentalism, as a rule, fails to view the patient from the 
standpoint of his future needs; that it is essentially effer- 
vescent in character, and that its view consists solely of the 
immediate present. Intellectual attitude, on the* other 
hand, soberly faces the fact that the patient must, in due 
time, face again, the> stern realities of civil life, and insists 
that nothing must be done to incapacitate him, or to un- 
dermine his self-respect, self-reliance, and initiative — all of 
which are factors essential to success in civil life, wheoi or- 
ganized relief agencies are not as readily accessible. 
These cardinal principles have always controlled tho work 
of the morale office at this post. 

March 6, 1919, at U. S. A. General Hospital No. 36, was 
made memorable by the ceTQmony in connection with the 
presentation to the post of a large silken national flag. 
This was a gift from the General O. M. Poe's Woman's 
Relief Corps No. 8, Auxiliary to the* Grand Army of the 
Republic. One hundred members of this organization 
assembled in the foyer of the administration building to 
make the presentation, which was reiceived on the part of 
the hospital, by Lieut. Col. Cooper, commanding officer. 

Mi-s. Anna M. Earle, patriotic instructor of the General 
O. M. Poe's Woman's Relief Corps No. 8 in presejiting the 
flag said that while her organization was formed to serve 
as best they may, the "Boys in Blue," she felt it was a 
most fitting thing to do to show their intctrest in the "Boys 
in Khaki" as Vt^ell, and no better symbol of their love for 
the boys in olive drab could be found than the Stars and 
Stripes. In the glow of the sheen of Old Glory, she felt 
the boys in the hospital could be reminded that her or- 
ganization felt an interest in them. 

In addition to Mi-s. Earless speech of presentation, Mrs. 
Evelyn Grensere, post department, president of the corps, 
and Mr. Tucker made short addresses. Mrs. McCrum 
added a touch of patriotic ferver by singing a number of 
national songs. The flag has been appreciated more and 

18 



more since its presentation and has served the double, pur- 
pose of a national emblem and a geurdon to be gained by 
that ward which shows the best inspection re.port. 
Wherever in the hospital it may be found, it stands for an 
evidence of the high military esprit and sanitary conditions 
of the ward. 

Of more than ordinary interest is the fact that three De- 
troit doctors who served as medical officers overseas re- 
ported at the hospital to receive their discharges. Theo^ 
were Col. Angus McLean, Lieut. Col. Theodore A. McGraw, 
and Col. Burt R. Shurley. 

The following is a chronologically arranged list of the 
officers who are now or who were at one time associated 
with the hospital: 

Douglas, Louis R., Capt., Q. M. C, reported October 6, 
1918; assigned as construction Q. M.; transferred. 

Cooper, A. T.. Lieut. Col. M. C. reported, October 30, 1918; 
assumed command. 

Peterson, Robert, Captain, S. C; reported November 6. 
1918; assigned as adjutant. 

Urquahart, Roy T., Capt., M. C, reported November 8. 
1918; discharged February 22, 1919. 

Hemingway, Walter H., 2nd Lt., S. C, reported November 
11, 1918; assigned as detachment commander; transferred 
to U. S. A. General Hospital No. 21, June 3, 1919. 

Anderson, Charles B., 2nd Lt. Q. M. C, reported Novem- 
ber 14, 1918 for duty as Q. M.; discharged April 4, 1918. 

Hatfield, Heniy D., Major, M. C, reported November 23, 
1918. 

Williams, Theo. H., Capt. Q. M. C. reported November 25. 
1918 for duty as utilities officer; transfered to Camp Grant 
on Junei 20, 1919. 

Seeger, Stanley J.. 1st Lt. M. C. reported November 27, 
1918; discharged January 22, 1919. 

Handy, James H., 2nd Lt.. Q. M. C, reported November 
28, 1918 for duty as assistant to officer in charge of utilities. 

Christie, John H., Capt., Q. M. C, reported November 30. 
1918 for duty as quartermaster. 

Baker, Horace M., 1st Lt., M. C, reported December 1, 
1918. 

19 



Platner, Wm. D., 1st Lt., Q .M, C, reported December 2, 
1918 for duty as assistant to Q. M.; transferred to Langley 
Field, Va., January 22, 1919. 

Siedler, August, 1st Lt., S. C, reported December 3, 1918. 

Heine, Austin Wm., 1st Lt., M. C, reported December 5, 
1918. 

Bradley, Ernest B., Major, M. C, reported December 6, 
1918; discharged March 21, 1919. 

Burnham, Melvin, Capt., M. C, reported December 7, 
1918; transferred to Camp Beauregard, February 9, 1919. 

Miller, Charles Dale, 1st. Lt., S .C, reported December 7, 
1918. 

Pope, William Hansford, Capt. M. C, reported Decem- 
ber 8, 1918. 

Cutter, Erving Samuel, Capt., M. C, reported December 
10, 1918; discharged. 

Arps, George F., Major, S. C, reported December 12, 
1918 for duty as chief of education service. 

Bowles, Shirley West, Major, D. C, reported December 
12, 1918. 

Hood, Frazer, 1st. Lt., S. C, reported December 12, 1918; 
assigned as assistant chief of eiducational service. 

Fox, Delbert Chester, 1st. Lt, M. C, reported December 
6, 1918 ; discharged January 28, 1919. 

Metheny, Albert Ralstin, Capt., M. C, reported December 
16, 1918; transferred January 20 to Camp Grant, III. 

Marshall, Victor Fred, Capt,, M. C, reported December 
16, 1918; discharged February 5, 1919. 

Gainey, Ralph J., 2nd. Lt., Inf., reported December 16, 
1918. 

Martin, Roy B., 2nd. Lt., Q. M. C, reported December 20, 
1918 for duty as assistant officer in charge of utilities. 

Mitchell, Edward D., Capt., M. C, reported December 

25, 1918, discharged March 29> 1919. 

Hines, Harley Cameron, 2nd Lt., S. C, reported December 

26, 1918. 

Baade, Lester F., 1st Lt Q. M. C, reported December 20, 
1918 for duty as assistant to quarteirmaster. 

Shelden, Ellsworth,' 1st Lt., M. C, reported December 30, 
1918, transferred to Erie Proving Ground, Ohio, January 
23, 1919. 

Squier, Wm. C, Capt, M. C, reported January 2, 1919. 

20 



Armstrong, Arthur S., Capt. M. C, reported January 3, 
1919; discharged February 5, 1919. 
Allen, Wm. H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 3, 1919. 
Dyas, Frederick G., Major, M. C, reported January 3, 1919. 

Ehrhardt, Raymond P., 2nd Lt., Q. M. C, reported Janu- 
ary 3, 1919; discharged May 7, 1919. 

Crockett, Frank S., Capt., M. C, reported January 6, 1919, 
discharged February 4, 1919. 

McKim, Gordon B\, Capt, M. C, reported January 6, 1919 ; 
discharged January 16, 1919. 

Kirksey, Oscar T., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 7, 
1919. 

Thomas, Adrian, 2nd. Lt., S. C, reported January 9, 1919. 

Hughes, James W., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 11, 
1919. 

Seale, Joseph P., Capt, M. C, reported January 13, 1919. 

Bramhall, Robert N., Capt., reported January 15. 1919. 

Klemptner, Dietrich, 1st Lt., M. C, reported January 13, 
1919; discharged May 26, 1919. 

Sheaff, Phillip A., Major, M. C, reported January 15, 
1919; discharged March 30, 1919. 

Smith, Francis H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 18, 
1919; discharged March 30, 1919. 

Ingher, Erving S., 1st. Lt, M. C, reported January 22, 
1919; discharged May 25, 1919. 

Cowen, Leon B., Ist Lt., M. C, reported January 23, 1919; 
transferred to Camp Custer May 21, 1919. 

Reudemann, Rudolph H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 
25, 1919; discharged May 26, 1919. 

Cole, Frederick S. 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 27, 
1919. 

Murtha, Arthur V., 1st Lt, M. C, reported January 29, 
1919. 

Mebane, Tom S., Capt., M. C, reported January 29, 
1919. 

Boughton, Guy C, Major, M. C. reported February 3, 
1919; discharged Feb. 28, 1919. 

Chalet, Jacob N., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported February 5, 
1919; discharged May 16, 1919. 

Drummond, John F., 1st. Lt., D. C, reported February 
3, 1919; discharged May 21, 1919. 

21 



Clift, Myron W., Major, M. C, reported February 9, 1919; 
discharged May 7, 1919. 

Shalek, Victor J., Ist. Lt., D. C, reported Feb. 10, 1919; 
discharged May 4, 1919. 

Scholes, Paul Sheldon, 1st. Lt., M. C, reported February 
16, 1919. 

Harris, Earl R., Capt., M. C, reported February 22, 1919. 

Fox, Edward F., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported February 24, 
1919; dischargcxi April 24, 1919. 

Demong, Charles W., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported February 
26, 1919. 

Engberg, Edward John, 1st. Lt., M. C, reported February 
26, 1919; discharged May 19, 1919. 

Kidner, Frederick C, Major, M. C, reported February 27, 
1919. 

Bittkevr, I., 1st., Lt., M. C, reported February 28, 1919; 
discharged. 

Leece, Robert H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported March 2, 1919. 

Sinkel, Richard E., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported March 15, 
1919. 

Stanbro Gregory E., Capt., M. C, reported March 17, 1919. 

McRae, Donald H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported March 18, 1919. 

SecLsenich, Roscoe L., Major, M. C, reported March 19, 
1919. 

Leitch, Arthur E., Capt., M. C, reported March 22, 1919; 
discharged in May. 

Sage, Edward O., Capt, M. C, reported March 21 1919. 

Niles, Wm. H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported March 22, 1919; 
discharged May 26, 1919. 

Storey, Carroll L., Capt., M. C, reported March 28, 1919. 

Drake, Donald C, 2nd Lt., Inf. 

Hawkins, Joseph Francis, Major, M. C. 

Ke4:chum, Walter H., Chaplin U. S. A., reported April 5, 
1919. 

DeBois, Oharles F., 1st. Lt, M. C, reported April 10, 1919. 

Arthur, Edwin I., 2nd. Lt. F. A., reported April 10, 1919; 
assigned as director of general education, educational 
service. 

Brachman, Herman Joseph, Capt, D. C, reported April 
16, 1919. 

Gardner, Cyrus Bunting, Capt., M. C, reported April 19, 
1919. 

22 



Nevius, Fred Porter, Capt., M. C. reported April 24, 1919. 
Corbett. John James, Capt., M. C, reported April 29 1919. 
Dwyer, Harry J.. 1st. Lt., M. C. reported May 5, 1919. 
Devendorf, Louis E., Capt., M. C. reported May 9, 1919. 
Marden, T. B., Capt. M. C, reported May 12, 1919. 
Conley. B. N., Capt., M. C, reported May 14, 1919. 
VanGorder, George Wilson, Capt., M. C, reported May 14, 

1919. 

Reye. Heinrich, 1st. Lt., M. C, reported May 17, 1919. 

Pearce, Albert R., Capt., M. C, reported May 19, 1919. 

Johnson, John, 1st. Lt., M. C, reported May 20, 1919. 

Venable, George, 1st. Lt., M. C, reported May 23, 1919. 

Griffin, N. A., Capt., M. C; transferred to U. S. A., Gen- 
eral Hospital No. 31, May 28, 1919. 

Hubbei, Leo, 1st. Lt., D. C, reported May 30, 1919. 

Hawkins, Joseph F., Major, M. C, reported May 31, 1919. 

CHAPTER ni. 
DESCRIPTION OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

United States Army General Hospital No. 36 is located in 
the City of Detroit, Wayne County, in the State of Michi- 
gan. Its latitude is 42, 20 min. north, and its longitude, 
83, 6 min. west. The teiTain is rolling, the soil, clay, and 
the climate^ salubrious. The roads on the hospital 
grounds are in good shape, being composed of gravel and 
concrete. Neighborhood and physical environments are 
exceptionally favorable and the sanitary status is high. 

Organization date^ from October 30, 1918, when Col. A. T. 
Cooper arrived to assume command. 

The private patient building which was built in 1915 was 
used as a temporary and emergency hospital starting Nov. 
1, 1918. After the occupation of the main building on Feb- 
ruary 1, 1919, the building was still used as a unit of the 
hospital. 

Generally speaking, the hospital is bounded on the south 
by North Grand Boulevard; on the west by Byron Avenue 
on the east by Hamilton Boulevard; and on the north by 
Bethune street. From the central unit any of the buildings 

23 



may be reached by under-ground connections. The build- 
ings are heated by hot water, with the exception of the 
operating departmeait which is served by a direct steam 
line. This additional equipment was supplied as a precau- 
tionary measure against the breaking down of the regular 
plant These buildings are place»d on a plot of ground 
containing 19 acres. 

The service building which is four stories in height and 
195 feet in length, is in the shape of the letteo" "E." The 
basement Is used for storage purposes and is divided into 
a butcher shop, refrigerator and refrigerating system, pro- 
vision stock room, laundry storage room and disinfecting 
room with disinfector installed complete. There is a 
corridor in this basement leading in one direction into the 
engine room, and in another direction, into the laboratory 
building which is connected with the medical building. 

On the first floor of the building are a kitchen, laundry, 
bakery, cafeteria and two toilets. The second, or messanine 
floor contains a store room, serving room, oflice, laundry, 
ironing room, linen storage, one toilet and a locker room. 
On the third floor ,there are 22 rooms, two toilets, two bath 
rooms, and two dining rooms with a serving room between. 
There are also 22 rooms, two toilets, and two baths on the 
fourth floor. This floor of the building was used for rec- 
ords, accounting, purchasing and receiving rooms, and for 
quarters for help and clerical force. It also was used for a 
library which contains 5,000 volumes. 

The boiler and engine room occupy a part of the base- 
ment and first floor of the service building and are ap- 
proached by a tunnel or subway through the basemeait or 
first floor. There are four boilers of 276 H. P. each of 
the type of the Sterling Water Tube Boileors and are con- 
structed to operate under steam pressure of 162 pounds to 
the square inch. This room has installed in it, one com- 
plete coal crushing and conveying apparatus, two 150 K. W. 
turbine driven generators, three wire 250 and 125 volts, 
generators Turbine, built by the Kerr Turbine Company, 
one 30-ton Kroeschell Brothers Company's refrigerating 

24 



plant, compressor driven by a 12x24 Hamilton Corliss en- 
gine, dircyctly connected, and one stack to boiler 184 feet 
high and 8^^ feet at base in diameter and 7 feet at top. 
The engine room has one feed water heater, one service 
water heater and three heaters for hot water heating sys- 
tem. In the engine basement there are auxiliary machin- 
ery, pmnps, hot water circulating pumps for heating sys- 
tem, booster pump for service water, two Hygea filters, the 
capacity of each being 5,000 gallons pe»r hour, one air com- 
pressor, an ice making plant wtih a capacity for 4,800 
pounds in 24 hours, one refrigerator condenser and brine 
circulating pumps. 

Dimensions of the surgical building, called the private 
patients' building by Ford authorities, are 180x46. This 
building has three floors and a basement. In the basement 
are 16 rooms, five toilets, 40 lockers for nurses, stationary 
bath cabinet and sockets for hot air e^quipment, and there 
is also a hydrotheraputic department installed. On the 
first floor are 18 rooms, three baths ,a diet room, kitchen, 
dressing room, and utilities room. Rooms in the second 
and third floors are identical with those on the first floor 
except that there are 22 rooms on the second floor and 21 
rooms on the third floor. 

The Operating Pavilion has 24 rooms and is 123x57 feet. 
It is connected by corridor with the medical building. 

The Laboratory Building is a four-story structure with a 
basement. Its dimensions are 43x60 feet. The first floor 
has six rooms which are occupied by the pharmacy and the 
X-Ray Department. The eight rooms on the second floor are 
used for a bacteriological laboratory, and on the third 
floor there are also eight rooms. The fourth floor contains 
five rooms. Through this building runs a tunnel which con- 
nects the Service Building with Laboratory Building to the 
corridor which connects with the Medical Building. There 
are two passage-ways from the Medical Building to the 
Laboratory; one by way of the basement, and the other by 
way of the corridor. 

25 



The garage is a building 90x25 feet. In it is room for 
12 touring cars, an office, and a repair shop which is 
equipped with a gasoline tank that has a capacity of 1,000 
gallons. 

The New Hospital Building has a front 750 feet in 
length which faces the Grand Boulevard. It is composed of 
five units of wards and has two wings on the East and 
West sides which are 270 feet long. The outer units are 50 
feet wide. There are four floors and a basement. The 
center unit contains six floors, 63 toilets, 40 shower baths 
and 96 private baths. This building was occupied on April 
1, 1919. 

This building is a reinforced concrete structure and is of 
red face-brick with limestone trimmings and tile ornamen- 
tations of cream color and red. The porches adjoining all 
floors of the building are of limestone with iron railings. 
The building is constructed on the unit system but all units 
are under one roof. The plans call for each of four units 
to have 96 rooms, each equipped with bath, in addition to 
the necessary linen closets, diet kitchens, dressing rooms 
and sterilizing rooms. 

The central unit is the administrative and diagnostic 
building. Partitions for single rooms are installed in only 
one unit, the other units being left unpartitioned as wards 
for Army purpose. On the roof of four units are solariums. 
The roof is paved with red promenade tile. 

The building is equipped with seven elevators, nine dumb 
waiters of the automatic push-button type, wash stands, and 
a complete ventilating system. Diet kitchens, store rooms, 
locker rooms, fan rooms, etc., are located in the basement. 

The main rotunda is octagonal in shape, the center being 
two stories high and roofed with glass. In this rotunda 
are located the information desk and administrative of- 
fices. This part of the building is equipped with all the 
necessary conduits and wiring for signal telephones, tel- 
autograph, and a pneumatic tube system which connects all 
officers* and nurses' stations. 

26 



West of the rotunda is the telephone exchange which 
has a 100 station automatic telephone switchboard for in- 
tercommunication. Each nurse station will control 24 
rooms and an auxiliary telephone switchboard will be in- 
stalled in each station to control the phones in the 24 
rooms. 

The hospital water supply comes from Lake St. Clair 
through the city mains. As the city has no filtration plant, 
a Hygeia filtration system is in operation in the hospital. 
Two filters with a capacity of 10,000 gallons per hour are 
in use. The water supply which is obtained from the head 
of the Detroit River is treated with liquid hypochlorine gas, 
one and one-half to three pounds of chemical being used to 
each 1,000,000 gallons of water. An analysis is made three 
times per day and is very low in bacteriological count. 

The sewage is disposed of through the city sewage sys- 
tem. Kitchen, and other waste matter were at first dis- 
posed of by being burned in the furnaces of the hospital 
boiler room. Later they were hauled away by the municipal 
garbage disposal wagons. 

All toilets and baths are directly connected with the 
hospital sewer. The Service Building contains 12 toilet 
rooms and baths, the Surgical Building, four toilet rooms 
and baths, and the Private Patient Building, 16 toilet rooms 
and baths. 

A hot water heating system is installed in the entire hos- 
pital There is forced circulation direct and indirect and an 
addition steam heating system for the operating rooms. 
The hospital is lighted by electricity, the electric current 
being generated in the power house of the hospital. The 
system of lighting in the operating room is of nitrogen 
lamps and X-Ray reflectors on the outside of the skylights, 
semi-indirect light. 

The kitchen and mess of the enlisted personnel were 
at first located on the first floor of the Service Building. 
They were later removed to the basement of the left wing 
of the main building. The mess of the nurses and the 

27 



patient officers is located in basement rooms in the east 
wing of the main building. 

The main kitchen in the Service Building is utilized as 
a kitchen for patients, their mess being in the basement of 
the central part of the main building. The mess room of 
duty officers is located on the second floor of the Service 
Building, and has a separate kitchen as provided by Army 
regulations. 

The laundry of the hospital is equipped with three wash- 
ers, 21 extractors, a dry room, dry room tumbler, a steam 
mangelm, two electric ironers, and a steam press. All of 
this equipment is operated by independent motors attached 
to each machine. The machinery was manufactured by the 
Troy Laundry Company of Chicago, 111. 

Duty officers live outside of the hospital and are not 
quartered on the hospital grounds. The nurses were at first 
quartered on the third floor of the Surgical Building but 
were later removed to the third and fourth floors of the east 
wing of the main building. 

The hospital does not boast a chapel, but non-sectarian 
services are held each Sunday morning and evening in the 
Y. M. C. A. hut and are conducted by the chaplain, Walter 
H. Ketchum. Mass is said every Sunday morning at 9 
o'clock in the K. of C. solarium by Detroit priests. 

Administration offices for the hospital were at first 
established on the first floor of the Surgical Building but 
on the occupancy of the main building were later moved to 
the first floor in the central part of the main building. Sep- 
arate offices were made by constructing railings four feet in 
height. Offices of the chief of medical service and the 
chief of surgical service are in the operating pavilion. The 
chief of education service has an office in his own depart- 
ment. 

The dispensary which is located in the Laboratory Build- 
ing has a complete stock of pharmaceuticals and is equip- 
ped with all modern appliances. It supplies all the patients 
and members of the personnel with medicines and drugs. 

28 



The Department of Head Surgery or the eye, ear, nose, 
and throat clinic, is located on the third floor of the Labor- 
atory Building, It has a completely equipped dark room, 
an office, a treatment room, and an operating room. 

The fully-equipped X-Ray Department is located on the 
first floor of the Laboratory Building. The department con- 
sists of four rooms and one dark room. 

The dental clinic which is also located on the Laboratory 
Building contains four rooms. Clinical laboratories, the 
morgue, orthopedic workshop, and animal house are also in 
the Laboratory Building. 

Hospital annexes include the post exchange which is 
located in the basement of the main building, the Y. M. C. 
A. hut which was erected west of the service building and 
is one of the best in the country, and the Red Cross house, 
which was built by reconstructing two overseas emergency 
huts, and which is located between the main and surgical 
buildings. 



CHAPTER IV 

THE SURGICAL SERVICE 

The Surgical Service of the U. S. Army General Hospital 
No. 36, Detroit, Michigan, was organized November 16, 1918, 
Major Henry D. Hatfleld, M. C, being appointed on that 
date as chief of the Service, being succeeded by Major 
Frederick G. Dyas, M. C, January 7, 1919, v/ho has served 
as Chief of the Surgical Service to the present date. The 
subdivision of the Service into sections progressed as the 
amount of work enlarged until the service was definitely 
organized composing the following sections: 

(a) General Surgery 

(b) Orthopedic Surgery 

(c) Head Surgery 

(d) Genito — Urinary Surgery, Syphilology and Derma- 
tology. 

(e) Neurology 

(f) Roentgenology 

(g) Obstetric 

29 



The equipment has been the permanent fixtures of the 
Henry Ford Hospital to which the War Department has 
added liberally as supplies were needed. 

Patients have been cared for in wards with bed capacity 
of about 35 to 90 to each ward. A close co-operation is main- 
tained in the treatment of every case with the several di- 
visions of the Surgical Service and with the other Services 
and Departments of the. Hospital, patients frequently re- 
ceiving care and attention simultaneously in more than one 
section and have the benefit of frequent and numerous con- 
sultations, X-Ray examinations and Laboratory analysis 
and reports, etc. 

Two medical officers, when possible, a Captain and a 
Lieutenant are asigned to the large wards, and usually per- 
form the operations upon cases in their ward when neces- 
sary under the direction of their Chief of Service. 

The first operation, appendictomy, was performed Decem- 
ber 23, 1918. The operations performed have been varying 
in character and many have been of great Interest. 

A list of operations performed during the first six 
months is as follows: 

Name of Operation No. 

Abscess Incision and drainage sub-maxillary 1 

Abscess Inguinal Lymph adeniti Suppurative' 3 

Abscess Post Cervical 1 

Abscess Peri NeT)hritic 1 

Abscess Umbilical • • 1 

Abscess Periurethral 1 

Abscess Unclassified i 

Abscess Vulvovaginal 3 

Amputation finger 2 

Amputation toe 2 

Appendictomy 16 

"Brisement Face" shoulder 2 

Bone Graft complete 1 

Excision, Fistula in ano 1 

Fasciotomy • • • • 1 

Gastro Euterostomy Postenor 1 

Herniotomy Bilaternal 2 

Herniotomy left 17 

30 



Herniotomy following appendictomy J 

Herniotomy right g 

Hemorrhoidectomy . 

Incision and drainage cellulitis • * 

Incision expora,tory to Paiilla • 

Incision crucial for carbuncle • • • 

Incision old sinue and bone porfition corrected i 

Incision of drainage knee 

Incision and drainage scrotum 

Bone Graft, first stage ^ 

Bone Graft, second stage | 

Bone Wireing with Kangaroo tendon ^ 

Circumcision -j^ 

Excision Angioma • • ^ 

Costectomy 2 

Excision Bone Tumor ^ 

Excision cervical glands • • • 

Operation for Hallux Valgus ^ 

Oophorosalpingectomy ........... 

Puncture exploratory of chest ^ 

Pyelotomy ^ 

Reduction Collis' fracture ^ 

Reduction Potts' Fracture ^ 

Removal Foreign Body ■ ^ 

Removal Uanes Plates ^ 

Removal Polypus Aural • • • ^ 

Removal Polypus Nasal ^ 

Removal Semilunar Cartilages 

Resection Rib ^3 

Resection Scar Tissue .....•• • • ^ 

Resection Sebacous Cyst ^ 

Resection Stump (Plastic) ^ 

Resection Sub-Muccous (Nasal) ^ 

Suture, vessel for hemorrhage ^ 

Sture Nerve ^ 

Uaparatomy exploratory ^ 

Ligation Varicose Veins ^ 

liipomectomy ' ' 2 

Mastoidectomy 2 

Nephro Pithotomy ^ 

Nerve Exploration " ' 4 

Ostectomy " ' 5 

Osteotomy -•.... ^ 

Wound Gun Shot Excision ot ••••••••. -. 

Wrenching of Foot and Plaster Fexation J 

Suture Laceration • • • • "*" ^ 

Sequestrectomy 



Tonsilectomy 73 

Tendon Transplant 1 

Varicocele 1 

During the month of June the number of operations per- 
formed has exceeded in number those performed in any 
preceeding month. 

(a) General Surgery. 

The Section of General Surgery was organized November 
16, 1918, Major Henry L. Hatfield, M. C., chief of the Sur- 
gical Service, acting also as chief of the Section from No- 
vember 16, 1918 until January 7, 1919, when he was suc- 
ceeded by Major Frederick G. Dyas, M. C., who has served 
in the same capacity to the present date. 

The following officers of the Medical Corps have been on 
duty in the Section of General Surgery as Ward Surgeons 

(1) 1st. Capt. Stanley J. Seegar, M. C, from November 
27. 1918 to December 15, 1918. 

(2) Capt. William Hansford Pope, M. C, from Decem- 
ber 9, 1918 to the present date. 

(3) Capt. Albert R. Matheny, M. C, from December 17, 
1918 to January 17, 1919. 

(4) Capt. Victor F. Marshall, M. C, from December 17, 

1918 to February 4, 1919. 

(5) 1st Lieut. Edward F. Fox, M. C, from February 24, 

1919 to March 23, 1919. 

(6) 1st. Lieut.. Charles W. Demong, M. C, from 
February 26, 1919 to April 1, 1919. 

(7) 1st. Lieut. Robert H. Leece, M. C, from March 2, 
1919, to present date. 

(8) Capt. Matthias Ambrose Wagner, M. C, from March 
3, 1919 to April 22, 1919. 

(9) Capt. Gregory E. Stanboro, M. C, from March 17, 
1919 to the present date. 

(10) 1st. Lieut. Donald H. McRae, M. C, from March 
18, 1919 to present date. 

(11) Capt. Arthur E. Ueitch, M. C, from March 22 1919 
to May 27, 1919. 

(12 Capt. Cynes Bunting Lardner, M. C, from April 19, 
1919 to present time. 

(13) Capt. Lever Flagel Stewart, M. C, from May 5, 
1919 to May 22, 1919. 

32' 



(14) 1st Lieut. Arthur V. Murtha, May 23, 1919, to 
present date. 

On March 21, 1919, Captain Edward O. Sage, M. C, re- 
ported for duty and was assigned to the Surgical Seivice 
as anaesthetist and served as such until the present date. 

The Section of General Surgery has been subdivided into 
Clean and Septic Surgery, and every precaution taken to 
prevent clean cases from becoming infected, the number 
of accidental infections being reduced to a minimum and of 
seldom occurrence. 

In the treatment of infected cases the Carrel-Dakin 
treatment has been used whenever the case has been one 
suitable to treatment by that method with very satisfactory 
results. A large amount of work in the septic wards has 
consisted of redressing wounds, an average of over 150 
dressings daily being done. 

(b) The Orthopaedic Section. 

The Orthopaedic Section of the Surgical Service of this 
hospital was instituted on Febrary 3rd, with Major Guy C. 
Boughton, M. C, in charge. Major Boughton had an assist- 
ant, 1st Lieut. T. S. Mebane. During February the work 
almost entirely consisted in organization as there were 
very few patients. Major Boughton prepared the way for 
an efficient war organization and for a Physio-Therapeutic 
Department and Brace shop. 

On February 27, 1919, Major Boughton was relieved and 
was succeeded by Major T. C. Kidner who had just returned 
from 20 months' overseas service. At this time there were 
about 30 orthopaedic patients all of them overseas cases. 
1st Lieut. Isadore I. Bittker, M. C, 1st Lieut L, E. Cowan, 
1st. Lieut. J. H. Chalat, were assigned to the service at this 
time with Lieut. Mebane. 

During the month of March the service grew rapidly to 
150 patients. Vv^ards 8 and 9 in the main building were 
developed as orthopaedic wards and operations for cor- 
rection of deformities and other orthopaedic procedures 
were instituted. 

33 



In March, Miss Lippett was assigned to the hospital as 
Chief Aid in Physio-Therapy and her department at first 
was started in the basement of the Surgical building; but 
later it was moved to the first floor of the main building. 
Mr. Freeman of the Y. M. C. A. was, with his own consent, 
also assigned to the Orthopaedic service and to do the heav- 
ier forms of massage, to give gymnastic and corrective ex- 
ercises to the patients and greatly assisted in organizing 
it. 

During April and May the service continued to grow and 
wards eleven, thirteen and part of ten were taken over, 
with an overflow into ward twelve. 

By the middle of May the service consisted of about 
275 beds. 

In April, Capt. C. L. Storey was assigned to duty at the 
hospital and took charge of the Physio-Therapeutic work 
and Brace Shop which had been started in the Laboratory 
Building. Mr. George Moldovan was hired as brass maker 
and the shop rapidly grew providing •splints and braces in 
sufficient quantity for the use of the whole service. 

Early in May, Capt. George W. Van Gordor was assign- 
ed to duty at the hospital and took over Capt. Mebane's 
w^ork, Capt. Mebane being ordered to the Walter Reed 
Hospital at Washington for special instruction. 

During May, Captain U. Devendorf, Captain T. B. Mars- 
den and Lieut. D. H. McRae wetre assigned to duty in this 
section and Lieutenants Bittker, Cowen and Chalat were 
transferred or released from the service. 

At the present time the service is gradually decreasing 
in size as patients are discharged, cured, or on C. C. D. cer- 
tificates. Much corrective and reconstruction work has 
been accomplished. 

(d) Genito Urinary Section. 

The section of Genito-Urinary Surgery of the Surgical 
Service was organized as a section January 6, 1919 by Cap- 
tain Bordon F. McKim, M. C. 

34 



The officers who have been in charge of this section are: 

(1) Capt. Gordon F. McKim, M. C, from January 4, 1919 
to January 17, 1919. 

(2) Capt. Frank S. Crockett, M. C, from January 17, 
1919 to February 4, 1919. 

(3) 1st. Lieut. Frederick H. Cole, M. C, from February 
1, 1919 to present date. 

The work of the section embraces General Urology and 
Dermatology. The equipment of the section consists of Sal- 
varsan apparatus, Cystoscopic and the usual Genito-Urinary 
surgical instruments. 

The patients requiring treatment by this section have 
been under the care of the chiefs of the section assisted by 
the following ward surgeons. 

(1) 1st. Lieut. Leon B. Cowen, M. C, from January 23, 
1919 to May 16. 1919. 

(2) 1st. Lieut. Rudolph Rudman, M. C, from January 25, 
1919 to May 26, 1919. 

(3) Capt. Clarence Herbert Belknap, M. C, from June 7, 
1919 to present date. 

(e) Neurology. 

The section of Neurology of the Surgical Service was in- 
stituted at the time 1st. Lieut. Edward J. Engberg, M. C, re- 
ported for duty, February 26, 1919, who had charge as chief 
of the section until May 17, 1919 when he was succeeded 
by 1st. Lieut. Henrich Albert Reye, M. C, who has been 
chief of the section to the present date. 

(f) Roentgenology. 

This department has been organized as a section of the 
Surgical Service since the hospital was taken over by the 
Government. Actual work, however, began on January 8th. 

First officer in charge— Capt. Melvin P. Burnham to Feb- 
ruary 12. 

Second officer in charge— Maj. Myi'on O. Clift, February 

12 to May 13. 

Present officer in charge— Capt. Bernard M. Conley, May 

13 to present date. 

Lieut. Irving S. Ingber served as Roentgenologist from 
JanuaiT 23, 1919 to May 27, 1919. 

35 



There are no subdivisions of this section. 

Equipment of the X-Ray laboratory includes two complete 
X-Ray machines and a Bedside unit for use in the wards. 
The original installment of the Ford Hospital is a large 
Wapple machine that may be used in either of two rooms. 
One room containing an upright fluoroscope and the other 
a table with tube stand. The Army had another machine 
and table installed and in operation around the middle of 
January. The department is well equipped throughout. 

(g) The Obstectrical Section. 

The obstectrical Section of the Surgical Service is in 
charge of 1st. Lieut. William H. Pope, M. C. As a section, 
the equipment is complete in every detail including deliv- 
ery room, sterilization room, dressing room and nursery. 

Surgical clinics are given twice weekly at which all 
Medical Officers are requested to attend.. 



CHAPTER V. 

MEDICAL SERVICE 

The Medical Service was organized in December, 1918, 
with Major Ernest B. Bradley, M. C, as Chief of Service, 
and Captain Irving S. Cutter, M. C, Assistant. 

Major Philip A. Sheaff, M. C, reported at this Hospital on 
January 15, 1919, as Chief of Service and continued until 
March 19, 1919, when he was succeeded by the present 
Chief of Service, Major Roscoe L. Sensenich, M. C, with 
Captain Robert N. Bramhall, M. C.^ as Assistant Chief. 

Of the officers assigned to the Medical Service, the 
following have been relieved from duty at this post either 
by discharge or transfer. 

Major Ernest B. Bradley, reported Dec. 1918, discharged. 

Major Philip A. Sheaff, reported Jan. 15, 1919, discharged. 

Capt. Irving S. Cutter, reported Dec. 10, 1918, discharged. 

Capt. Henry E. Griffin, reported April 29, 1919, trans- 
ferred. 

Capt. Earl R. Harris, reported Feb. 22, 1919, transferred 
to another department. 

36 



Lieut. Ellsworth Sheldon, reported Dec. 30, 1918, trans- 
ferred. 

Lieut. Delbert C. Fox reported Dec. 16. 1918, discharged. 

Lieut. Francis H. Smith, reported Jan. 18, 1919, dis- 
charged. 

Lieut. Wm. H. Niles, reported March 22, 1919, discharged. 

Lieut. Dietrich H. Klemptner, reported Jan. 13, 1919, dis- 
charged. 

The following officers are at this time on duty assigned 
to the Medical Service. 

Major Roscoe L. Sensenich, reported march 19, 1919. 
Chief of Medical Service. 

Lieut. Robert N. Bramhall, reported Jan. 13, 1919. Assist- 
ant Chief of Medical Service. 

Capt. Albert R. Pearce, reported May 19, 1919. 

Capt. John J. Corbett, reported April 29, 1918. 

Capt. Fred P. Nevius, assigned April 29, 1919. 

Lieut. William H. Allen, assigned May 23, 1919. 

Lieut. Harry J. Dwyer, reported May 4, 1919. 

Lieut. Chas. F. DuBois, reported April 10, 1919. 

Lieut. James W. Hughes, reported Jan. 11, 1919. 

Lieut. Oscar T. Kirksey, assigned March 24, 1919. 
Organization. 

The organization of the Medical Service is best shown by 
the following schematic drawing: 



CHIEF 

Property Room— Receiving Officer 

Sick Officers and Nurses 

Ward Surgeons 

General Medicine 

Group 1 — General Medical 
Group 2 — Heart and Vascular 
Group 3 — Gastro Intestinal 
Group 4 — Psychiatric 



ASST. CHIEF 

Consultant 

Demobilization Board 
Ward Surgeons 
Contageous Diseases 

Acute Resp. Diseases 

ContagiouS"-Exonthemata 

Diptiieria— Etc. 

Tuberculosis 



37 



The added function of this Hospital as a demobolizing 
point for soldiers who have recovered, has made the or- 
ganization of a Demobilization Board for the Medical Ser- 
vice necessary. This Board is headed directly by the As- 
sistant Chief of Service, Captain Robert N. Bramhall, 
with Lieutenant H. J. Dwyer as a member. The Ward 
Surgeon having charge of the particular case being consid- 
ered acts on this Board. In all C. D. D. cases, ihe Chief of 
Service acts with the Assistant Chief and Ward Surgeon. 

Close touch is maintained between the officers of the 
service by means of a daily conference in the Office of the 
Chief of Service, at which time new regulations are studied 
and daily problems of the service discussed. Much interest 
is manifested and benefit has been derived from daily 
clinics held in the amphitheatre, two periods each week 
being given over to consideration of medical cases pre- 
sented by the various Ward Surgeons. 

The closest co-operation has been maintained between 
the Medical service and all other services in the Hospital, 
and consultations are freely given from one service to the 
other. 

The Medical Service has received in excess of 50% of 
the 2,040 admissions to the Hospital. Many of those from 
overseas were convalescent to such a point that only a 
short residence in the Hospital was required. An average 
of approximately 240 patients remained daily on this ser- 
vice. The highest number being cared for in Medical 
Wards at one time was 360. 

The first cases admitted to Hospital were from the Com- 
mand in January, 1919, and were sufferers from Influenza. 
This epidemic produced approximately 150 cases. There 
were none critically ill, and there were no deaths. Daily 
inspection of the command was made and strict isolation 
maintained. 

The first overseas cases were admitted on Feb. 20, 1919, 
and numbered 14. These were principally men convales- 
cent from influenza and pneumonia and cases bearing 

38 



diagnosis of functional heart disorders. Later many gassed 
cases in various stages of convalescence were admitted. It 
was required that all admissions to the Medical Service be 
given a urine examination and a leucotyte count. With the 
admission of so many old respiratory cases, it was addi- 
tionally required that all respiratory cases have a complete 
blood examination and an X-ray study of the chest in ad- 
diton to the usual physical examinations. 

Every safeguard was imposed in order that no respira- 
tory conditions might be overlooked. Old fluids and tuber- 
culosis have been found. There have been only 8 a,cute 
pneumonias treated during the acute stage on this service. 
Seven of these were broncho-pneumonic in type. Chronic 
Bronchitis has been very common, and asthma of occas- 
ional occurrence. Most of these have improved under treat- 
ment and have been discharged. Two cases showing no 
improvement have been transferred to other hospitals bet- 
ter situated for their care. A few cases of tuberculosis 
have been found and transferred to specially designated 
hospitals for care. 

Following the respiratory cases in frequency came the 
cases of Organic heart disease, of which Mitral Insuffici- 
ency was not common, with Mitral Stenosis next and a few 
cases with double mitral lesions. There were a few aortic 
stenoses and some aortic insufficiencies. Here again the 
X-Ray was used in many cases as an aid to study both in 
measurement of outline and fleuroscopic observaition of 
heart action. 

Arthritis cases have been common and have been made 
the subject of exhaustive examination for possible focal in- 
fections. The condition of nose, throat, ears, sinuses and 
teeth is investigated. Bacteriological and X-Ray examina- 
tions are made. Blood studies are made. Genito-urinary 
conditions are investigated. The Orthopaedic Surg*^on is 
consulted and involved joints are studied by X-Riy. In 
the treatment of these cases, the Department of Physio- 
therapy has been of great assistance. 

39 



Gastro-intestinal cases have been given routine blood ex- 
aminations. Frequent fractional examinations of stomach 
contents and X-Ray studies both by fleuroscope and plate. 
Focal infections are searched for. Feces are examined fre- 
quently. Duodenal feeding has been necessary in a num- 
ber of instances. Very good results have been obtained in 
treatment of these cases. Cases of Duodenal Ulcer without 
organic pyloric obstruction were treated through the duo- 
denal tube. One case of duodenal ulcer with organic py- 
loric obstruction went to operation, Gastro enterostomy, 
and is now free from symptoms. Amoeba were found in 
the feces in two cases in the Hospital. These were the 
only intestinal parasites found. 

There have been 20 cases of Nephritis. These have been 
under close observation. Chemical blood findings have 
been studied by comparison with urinary findings under 
regulated diet. Kidney efiiciency tests were done and pa- 
tients have been retained in Hospital until a recovery has 
been made or it is determined that the maximum benefit 
has been received. 

HyperthjToidism has been of comparative frequency; 
some of these cases existed prior to entry into service. Ap- 
propriate treatment with rest has been tried; surgical con- 
sultation has been requested. Many have improved very 
markedly; some have been discharged on C. D. D. and two 
have been operated on with marked improvement. 

One case of diabetes has been under very careful obser- 
vation and treatment, not making favorable progress. 

One case of pernicious anemia has improved slightly un- 
der treatment. 

One case of hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver has been 
admitted. 

Contagious Diseases. 

Cases of contagious diseases have been very small in 
number, as follows: 

Scarlet Fever, Mumps, Measles, German Measles, Diph- 
theria, Diphtheria Carriers and Erysipelas. 

40 



Acute respiratory diseases have been isolated as con- 
tagious. 

The most rigid isolation and quarantine is established in 
all contagious cases. Attendants, who are also isolated, are 
provided for each type of contagious disease. No cross in- 
fections from one type of contagious disease to a patient 
suffering from a different type have occurred at this Hos- 
pital. 

Neuro-Psychiatric Service. 
This Department was organized by Captain Engberg, M. 
C, during the month of Ferbruary, 1919. He remained in 
charge of the section until May 17, 1919, when he obtained 
his discharge from the service. His place was taken by 
Lieutenant H. A. Reye, M. C. 

The work, on the whole, has consisted mainly in consul- 
tations with the other members of the tariff. No separate 
neuro-psychiatric ward was ever established here. Cases 
of cerebro-spinal lues and psychotic patients were prompt- 
ly recommended for transfer to special hospitals. Function- 
al nervous cases have been kept here for treatment. A fair 
proportion of hysterias were discovered and treated suc- 
cessfully by persuasion, suggestion of hysterias were dis- 
covered and treated successfully by persuasion, suggestion 
and physio-therapy. Special attention has been paid to the 
attitude of patients, and much good has been achieved by 
pointing out to them their faulty re-actions and by encour- 
aging them in regaining their confidence and faith in them- 
selves. 



CHAPTER VI. 
THE EDUCATIONAL SERVICE 
Major George F. Arps, Sanitary Corps, Chief of Educa- 
tional Service. 

1st. Lieut. Frazer Hood, Sanitory Corps, Director of Di- 
vision of Psychology and Statistics. 

2nd. Lieut. Edwin L Arthur, Field Artillery, Director of 
Division General Education. 

41 



Mr. I. D. Charlton, Director of Division Technical Edu- 
cation. 

2nd. Lieut. Donald C. Drake, Infantry, Director of Di- 
vision Recreation. 

2nd. Lieut. Harley C. Hines, Sanitpa-y Corps, Editor in 
Chief, "Azuwer". 

In the scheme of rehabilitation of disabled soldiers and 
sailors returning from the front, this department of the U. 
S. Army General Hospital No. £6, has a variety of services 
to perform. In order the more efRciently to function in 
the discharge of its duties, the Educational work is oppor- 
tioned among four Divisions: The Psychological and Sta- 
tistical, the Geneit-al, the Technical and the Recreational. 
The specific work of each division converges upon the 
central aim of the Reconstruction purpose of the Hospital 
as a whole, namely the restoration to full mental and bodily 
vigor of each patient who is received. The general aim is 
to restore the disabled man physically and mentally. To 
make him as good a man, economically and socially, as he 
was before the injuries received in line of duty abbreviat- 
ed his usefulness — this is the general purpose of this 
Hospital. 

To the end that each man may again function econom- 
ically as efficiently as before, or better, the first aim is to 
make him well. But this end cannot be attained as quickly 
and satisfactorily, if the entire energies of this institution 
are directed solely upon his physical restoration. It has 
been found that by giving the wounded man something to 
do during the often long trying period of convalescence he 
is helped out of the mire of despondence anc discourage- 
ment in which he too often falls, and thereby hastens his 
recovery. The experience in Europe soon after the begin- 
ning of the war as well as experiments in private institu- 
tions before the war, establishes ihe value of occupational 
therapy. Therefore, through the agency of the Educational 
Service, a man is given occupational therapy — he is given 
something to do that will work towards curing him physic- 
ally and at the same time giving him a motive or special in- 

42 



teres! back of it. It is a sound pedogogical principle that no 
matter how instrumental a study may be, for the time be- 
ing at least, it must assume the importance of an end in 
itself, if it is later to be efficient as a means. Hr<nce the usre 
of occupational exercise, instead of mere exercise for a 
man aiming at complete recovery. If a man has lost an 
arm, the surgical service is charged with the duty of either 
equipping him with an artificial member or the proper 
treatment that will insure him against fatal sequalae, but 
it falls to the Educational Service to see that he learns to 
use the artificial member in as short a time as possible, or 
lacking this member teach him to make the finger co-ordin- 
ations and movement that the missing arm was required 
to make. In supplying a man with an artificial arm we see 
that it is equipped with just those appliances that are 
adapted to the man's particular needs — a hoolv for certain 
kinds of work, a clamp for others, or a properly shaped 
hand may be attached for aesthetic purposes. Here the 
surgical and educational work is completory. Again, be- 
sides amputation, there are many varietieo of cases. One 
may be restored physically by outdoor v/ork on the hospital 
farm, another by mechanical work or by the many types 
of light industrial work provided under expert instructors. 

Again, our aim is to make the man feei Ihat he is rnce 
more a social being — that he must connect up with and 
function as a member of society, just as he did before his 
temporary disability. It is obvious uero, that to attain this 
end, we must also undertake the task of educating society 
to maintain the right attitude towards him — not to sym- 
pathize with him too much, not to regard him as an object 
of pity, but consider him as an integral member of society 
and of the nation at large — just as well equipped as any 
one to make his own honest living. 

Another aim of this department is to help the patient 
specifically to function educationally. In his educational 
development he must be made as efficient a.^ possible in the 
time he is confined to the Hospital. The aim is constantly 
to make him a better trained and educated man 'han be 

43 



was before he joined the army — to increase his personal 
efficiency. For instance, one of the hospitals like ours, 
which has been in operation some time was discharging a 
man who had lost his right hand. He never received i,ny 
schooling except what he received in the hospital. At .first 
he was sullen and refused to give certain information be- 
cause he said: "If you talk too much, you get arrested." 
This was a man grieviously handicapped, not only physic- 
ally, but socially and educationally. But through working 
with him at his bedside, he became interested in learning 
to use his left hand in place of his right. It was discovered 
that he had always had a thirst for knowledge, but had 
never had an opportunity to attend school in Europe or this 
country. He was taught to read and write. Then he be- 
gan to study English and simple mathematics, and he goes 
out able to write a good letter, or otherwise express him- 
self in writing and with means to gratify his thirst for 
knowledge. Such an educated and trained man, when he 
goes out from a rehabilitation hospital, will not be a drag 
on any community. 

The above instance is merely one among many, showing 
the results of experience in a hospital like this one. An- 
other type of educational work, while not as spectacular 
is just as important, is what we do with men who have had 
educational training, but which has been interrupted by 
service in the army. We have men here who are complet- 
ing their college entrance requirement, or working out 
problems in engineering, chemistry or some other science. 
The problem here, as before, is to make the man per- 
sonally efficient, and adjust him to the educational require- 
ments of army or civil life. 

The instructors are nearly all limited service men, with 
college and university training — men who enlisted in the 
army at a financial sacrifice and each is specially trained in 
his particular line. The course of instruction covers a var- 
iety of subjects from automobile repair work and mechan- 
ical trades to introductory work in the science and pro- 
fessions. A man can learn a trade or learn to be more pro- 

44 



ficient in a trade he has previously followed — can complete 
his preparation for college, or resume conditions precedent 
to taking up professional studies in law, medicine or en- 
gineering. 

The reconstruction of disabled men begins at the bedside 
— as soon as the medical and surgical experts permit. This 
bedside and chair instruction is given by young women 
trained in occupational therapy. They give work to patients 
in early convalescent stages. They help the men develop 
the proper attitude toward themselves and toward their 
future outlook in life. The patient may learn basketry, 
weaving, wood-carving, modeling or other lines of hand 
work. His chief interest is taken away from his discom- 
forts or his disability, and he is made to feel some sense 
of responsibility, toward himself and others. When he is 
strong enough he is taught some of the more difficult hand- 
craft or industrial arts, telegraphy, automobile construc- 
tion, academic instruction, the principles of electricity, etc. 
No time is lost in the work of physical and mental recon- 
struction, and often being in the atmosphere of U. S. Army 
General Hospital No. 36, the patient begins to feel as if he 
were just as useful an individual as any of his brothe»rs on 
the outside. 

The actual reconstruction work with patients in this Hos- 
pital did not begin until February, 1919, although Major 
Greorge F. Arps, Chief Educational Officer, and 1st. Lieut. 
Frazer Hood, director of the Division of Psychology and Sta- 
tistics reported for duty on December 12, 1918. At this 
time there were no overseas patients for the reason that 
the main building of the Hospital plant was not completed, 
and the buildings available were already taxed to their 
capacity to accommodate the enlisted personnel and nurses, 
together with the executive officer. There were 28 officers, 
46 nurses, and some four hundred enlisted men. Of this 
number there were only two officers and one sergeant, 
1st class, composing the personnel in the Educational 
Service. 

On December 20 four sergeants, 4 corporals, and 5 priv- 

45 



ates reported for educational work and on December 24; 
this number was augmented by sixteen men from Camp 
Greenleaf, Ga. On December 26, 2nd. Lieutenant H. C. 
Hines reported for duty and was assigned to the Education- 
al Service. In January, 1919, one sergeant 1st. class, was 
sent from Walter ,Reed and assigned to the Educational 
Service, and the force was further increased by the addition 
of three reconstruction aides, whose services had been be- 
Quested some weeks before. The month of February saw 
the addition of nine more aides, and the Director of Tech- 
nical education, Mr. I. D, Charlton. March 1, Miss Rebecca 
A. Adams reported from Walter Reed Hospital as Chief 
Head Aide, and on the 29th, one more aide was added to 
the staff. 

Although the actual work of instruction was not started 
until the last day of February, there was a vast amount of 
preliminary work donfe. During these preceding months 
the work consisted in getting the forces organized, super- 
intending the alterations necessary to be made in the build- 
ing for used in educational work, and by, receiving, and as- 
sembling the equipment. 

During all this time the Chief Educational Officer was 
using what time he could take from his other duties in 
arousing a local interest in the Hospital, spending some 
time among the daily papers, through which he touched 
the masses, and v»ith a number of local patriotic organiza- 
tions, through which he was able to supplement the funds 
at the disposal of the Reconstruction Service. That ihis 
time and energy were profitably spent is evidenced by the 
fact that the hospital has never oeen t!ie subject of carping 
criticism by the press, and positively, the fact that there 
has been a wholesome support, in money and service from 
the city of Detroit. 

The time covered by this sketch is only two months, be- 
ginning with the last day of February and ending the 80th 
day of April — too short a period for any valuable general- 
ization to be made, but Ion?? enough to forecast at least the 
direction of the movement. 

46 



Organization. 
The controlling idea Id the organization is that of con- 
tributing to the restoration of the patient and co-ordinating 
the energies of the recoiihr. -uctivj forces with the agencies 
of the medical and surgical program to this end. Recon- 
struction functions in throve distinct but mutually comple- 
mentary phases. There is the work in General Education, 
in Technical Education, and the work of the aides in handi- 
craft, each and all together being primarily different kinds 
of Occupational Therapy. 

1. General etducation. Here we have academic subjects 
taught from reading md writing lo advanced subjects in 
English, mathematics, and economics. Each subject is pur- 
sued primarily as a moans towards diverting the patient's 
mind from his own aihiients and disability, to the ^nd that 
his physical recovery may be hastened. In addition to these 
ideational subjects there are lypewriting, learning to use 
mechanical caluculators, and bookkeeping -subjects that 
combine ideational and motor activities. In these latter 
courses the patient is given opportunities for developing 
muscular co-ordinations that have either never have been 
acquired or else broken u[) by mjuries received. 

2. Technical Educational. In the organization of the 
educational work in this Hospital there are included some 
subjects that on grounds of pure logical classification might 
more properly be included under general education. Dut for 
practical consideration are under the direction of the Di- 
rector of Technical Education. 

Under this division, then, we have: 

(a) Courses in Auto-Mechanics. Here the student 
learns the different parts and their functions, of automo- 
bile carriages. He learns to take apart the mechanism of 
an automobile— its grosser parts and the finer pai-ts, as in 
the motor, etc. The work is practical, but there is enough 
of general theory to add zest to the course. 

(b) There is the course in General Mechanics. Famil- 
iarity with the actual machine is given as well as general 

47 



theory of mechanics. The workshop is well equipped with 
band saws, lathes, drills, etc. 

(c) There is the course in shoe cobbling, using the most 
approved and the latest machines in this trade. 

(d) Then we have courses in wood-working, cabinet 
making, pattern making, as well as the coarser work in car- 
pentry, blacksmithing, etc. 

(e) In the more refined technical subjects we have 
courses in drafting, sign painting, including show card 
work; electricity, with special reference to telegraphy, tele- 
phony, and electric lighting. In addition to these we have a 
small well-selected chemical laboratory, which is used in 
close connection with a course in agriculture. 

(f) We have courses in Photography — learning to take 
pictures, develop negatives, and the chemistry connected 
therewith is learned. . 

(g) Then we have a well-equipped printing shop, where 
the principles of job printing is taught, together with the 
sj'Stem of cost accounting. 

Occupational Therapy. 
3. On February 28, in two newly opened wards. Recon- 
struction Aides began the occupational work which has 
steadily increased in scope and popularity until the present 
date. 

Such projects as basket making, rug weaving, wood carv- 
ing, bead and leather work, netting and knotting, wood con- 
struction, block printing and stencilling have aroused spon- 
taneous interest making the aide's chief care the providing 
of materials, rather than the recruiting of pupils. 

While all such ward work is occupational and diversion- 
al, certain types, such as rug weaving and basketry are 
made directly curative through the re-educating of muscles. 
3')GS Jennie A. Turner, a woman highly trained in decora- 
tion and design, and with years of experience in advanced 
weaving as head of that department, for the Commission 
for the Blind in Boston, began the weaving here upon 

48 



Ward Eleven v/ith two rug looms. An interest in various 
types of hand and foot weaving grew, a center for weaving, 
oriental tying, and dying was opened in Ward Seventeen! 
thereby making the work easily accesible to patients from 
all wards. 

Co-operation with the Ward Surgeons, an indispensible 
factor in curative work, began when Captain Carroll L. 
Storey addressed the Educational Service on "Curative 
Ward Work." Since then. Miss Turner has interviewed 
every ward surgeon in the hospital and several of them 
have made personal visits to the weaving room, afterwards 
prescribing rug or pattern weaving for special patients. 

Early in March, Miss R. A. Wilbur opened a studio in 
Ward seventeen for special instructions in Poster and Car- 
toon work, while in the same ward, the jewelry and metal 
work shop was equipped and launched under the direction 
of Mrs. Elizabeth Hadjisky. 

These two courses at once became popular and have 
done creditable work turning out not finished artists or 
jewelers, but amateurs able to do pleasing posters, cai 
toons and oil sketches, and to plan and execute handsome 
jewelry, engraving and metal work of an interesting type. 

A department of Hospital Social Service was started on 
April 14th. The function of this department is to assist in 
arousing interest in the men in some form of Educational 
work which may help them in returning to their former oc- 
cupation. Also it assists them to get in touch with the de- 
partments dealing with the questions of Government Insur- 
ance, compensation and the Federal Board for Vocational 
Education. 

Total number of patients enrolled since begining 846 

Total number enrolled in General Education 726 

Total number enrolled in Technical Education 534 

Total number enrolled in Handwork (Artcraft) 522 

Number of Instructors 45 

In gene»ral Education: 

Enlisted men 3 

49 



Aides 8 

Civilians 1 

— 12 

In Technical Education: 

Enlisted Men 12 

Aides 3 

Civilians 2 

— 17 
In Aides Work (handwork and bedside) 16 

Number of courses offered 56 

General Education 35 

Technical Education 21 

The Following Is a List of Courses Offered 

i^dverlisint? Trigouiomer.ry 

Algebra Agricultural Theory 

Arithmetic "A" ?''r'^®il'''l • 

A •*!, *-• "T>" Auto Mechanics 

Arithmetic B Bookbinding 

Bookkeeping Concrete Work 

Calculating Machine Drafting 

Rusines-s Administration Electricity 

Business Penmanship Machine Shop 

ChemisT;i*y Mechanics, General 

Civil Service Painting 

Commercial Arithmetic Sign Painting 

Comenual Art Photogiaphy 
Comercial Corespondence Plumbing 

Comercial Law Priming 

Composition Proof Reading 

Drawing Shoe Shop 

English 1 Telegraphy 

English 4 . Wiroless (Operator) 

Geometry i^adio Electrician 

Hospital Service Transportation 

Journalism Woodv/orking 

Penmanship 1 Caroenrry 

Penmanship 2 Cabinet Making 

Salesmanship Pattern Making 

Spanisn - Handiworic 

Stenography J^^arm Accounting 

Typewriting Music 

Reading Blacksmithing 

Spelling French 1 

Academic-Bedside French 2 

Cartooning Technical - Bedside. 

50 



CHAPTER VII. 
DENTAL CORPS 

Maj. Shirley W. Bowles, Dental Corps, Chief of Service. 

Capt. Cline S. Beurmann, Dental Corps. 

Capt. H. J. Brachmann, Dental Corps. 

Lieut. John F. Drummond, Dental Corps. 

Lieut. Victor J. Shalek, Dental Corps. 

Lieut. George C. Hubbel, Dental Corps. 

The history of the Dental Service at this Hospital dates 
from December 12, 1918, when Maj. Shirley W. Bowles, D. 
C, arrived from Base Hospital No. 127, Camp McClellan, 
Ala., and was assigned as Chief of the Dental Service. 
Maj. Bowles continued in that position up to the discon- 
tinuance of the hospital as an Army institution. 

Five assistants have been assigned to sei ve in the clinic 
since Maj. Bowles' arrival at this post. Lieut. Drummond 
was the first to arrive, coming here on Feb. 3. He receiv- 
ed his honorable discharge from this post on May 21. Sec- 
ond to appear was Lieut. Shalek, who left on May 3. Capt. 
Bennmann, served less than a month. His service dates 
from May 20 to June 15. The two remaining officers are 
Capt. Brachmann and Lieut. Hubbel. Capt. Brachmann 
reported on April 21 and Lieut. Hubbel on May 30. 

In organizing his work in four rooms on the third 
floor in the Laboratory Building, assigned as a dental 
clinic by Col. A. T. Cooper, one of the first steps taken by 
Maj. Bowles was to request the assignment of three dental 
surgeons as assistants in his clinic. 

Cases requiring dental treatment at the Army Hospital 
were at first assigned to Fort Wayne as no equipment had 
arrived at the hospital. On December 14, 1918, a detach- 
ment of 400 men reported at the hospital. *»'he main build- 
ing was not completed at that time and as there were no 
rooms prepared to quarter the men, all available rooms in 
the Laboratory Building including those of the Denial 
Clinic were used as barracks for the soldiers. 

51 



The men were not moved from these rooms until the 
first of February when special plumbing for the install ation 
of fountain cuspidors, surgical basins, and steam steriliz- 
ers was started. This work, together with the painting of 
the walls and floors was completed by the Construction 
Quartermaster the latter part of February. 

The first equipment received at the hospital was a port- 
able outfit which was brought by Lieut. Shalek when he 
reported for duty. This outfit was used to care for all 
emergency cases until permanent equipment arrived. 

It was not until March 1 that Maj. Bowles reported to 
the Commanding Officer that the Dental Clinic was ready 
to receive patients. At that date, sufficient equipment had 
had been received to care for all cases assigned to the 
clinic. By the middle of March, complete outfits had ar- 
rived and were installed, the installation delaying, for a 
short time, the work of the clinic. 

The equipment consists of one portable or field outfit, 
and three permanent complete base hospital outfits. The 
lavatories installed in the operating rooms are modern 
surgical basins, the hot and cold water being controlled 
by one lever actuated by the thigh. In addition to small 
edectric steam sterilizers, there is a large sterilizer sup- 
plied with steam from the central power plant. The tech- 
nical laboratory is furnished with a cabinet bench, electric 
lathe, modern castings machine, and requirements for the 
accomplishment of all phases of Prosthetic Dentistry. An 
electric automatic air compressor furnishes compressed air 
to each chair for use in the atomizers and electric hot air 
syringes and also for the blowpipe in the laboratory. 

A splendid spirit of co-operation has existed between the 
X-Ray Service of the hospital and the Dental Service. The 
Roentgenograms for the Dental Department were made by 
the X-Ray Laboratory as the time of the dental surgeons 
was so completely filled with work at the chair that it was 
impossible to install and operate a bed-side unit. 

Col. A. T. Cooper, commanding officer of the post was 

52 



the first patient, other than the emergency cases, who was 
attended in the clinic by the Chief of Service. The first 
patient cared for by Lieut. Drummond was Private James 
Caldwell. Sergeant Kiburtz was the first patient at this 
post, of Lieut. Victor J. Shalek. 

Work of the Army Dental Clinic» contrary to popular be- 
lief, has been of a permanent nature. Mouths of the 
patients have been reconstructed in the best possible con- 
dition before discharges have been issued. Special atten- 
tion has been given to clearing the mouths of foci of in- 
fection. Many cases have been referred from the Med- 
ical Service for reports of oral conditions to aid in estab- 
lishing a diagnosis. Prompt treatment which undoubtedly 
shortened the period of convalescence was given in these 
cases when indicated. 

What is perhaps the most remarkable reconstruction 
case undertaken by the clinic was that of Corporal Arthur 
Rickel who was assigned as a patient to Maj. Bowles. Corp. 
Rickel was the victim of a machine gun bullet which tore 
away a large port of his upper lip and four superior anter- 
ior teeth with the alveolar process. To eradicate infec- 
tion, it was necessary to remove two additional superior 
anterior teeth. These lost tissues were replaced by a re- 
movable artificial piece which restored the jaw to its nor- 
mal form appearance. Plastic surgery was then employed 
by the surgeon to form a new lip. 

Satisfactory results have been obtained in a large num- 
ber of cases of typical pyhorrea. A few cases of the so- 
called "Trench Mouth," upon bacteriological findings, show- 
ed typical irregular staining fusiform bacilli; and the gram 
negative large spirilla of incent-culturing shows spirilla 
come from the fusiform bacilli. These cases were cleared 
up with the usual pyhorrea treatment which covered a 
rather longer period of time than other cases of pyhorrea. 

A satisfactory and complete survey of mouths at the hos- 
pital has not been possible. This is due to the insufiicient 
number of officers assigned to the Dental Department. Of 

5S 



approximately 1,000 mouths which have been surveyed, 60 
per cent fall in class "B", and are mouths with foci of in- 
fection. 

Six enlisted men were assigned to the service in March 
and have been on duty since that time. They are: Oliver 
F. Cambell, Sgt. 1st. cl., Earl A. G^lhaar, Sgt., Frederick 
C. Schlipp, Sgt., John J. Murtha, pvt. 1st. cl., Robert B. 
Woolson, pvt. 1st. cl., and Joseph Zapf, pvt. 1st. cl. 



APPENDIX E 
Registrar and Personnel 



CHAPTER VIII. 
UTILITIES, REGISTRAR AND PERSONNEL 
Post Utilities 
In the establishment of the National Army and National 
Guard Cantonments, Camps and General Hospitals, it has 
been found necessary to establish an organization known 
as the Utilities, for the purpose of maintaining and operat- 
ing various utilities and all fixed property. 

Necessarily for the comfort, convenience and training of 
the patients and troops stationed at this General Hospital, 
it is necessary to operate plants furnishing electric light, 
heating, ice and refrigeration, supplying water, handle sew- 
erage system, maintain roads and grounds, operate shops 
and maintain a force of men to handle the repair and up- 
keep of all the buildings and utilities at the Post, in connec- 
tion with which carpenter, paint, plumbing and heating, 
electrical shops are operated. Janitor work is also includ- 
ed in the duties of this organization at this Post. 

For the purpose of this brief, it will be assumed that the 
organization of Utilities at this Post consists of the fol- 
lowing branches: 

(a) OflSce and clerical force, including drafting and rec- 
ords room. 

(b) Plumbers. 

54 



(c) 


Carpenters. 


(d) 


Painters. 


(e) 


Electrical. 


(f) 


Refrigeration. 


is) 


Power. 


(h) 


Janitor. 



In the Main Office, all clerical and stenographic work is 
done in connection with various departments and branches. 
Here the Administration of the Office is carried on, mail 
and orders are received and answered, orders for repair 
work and operation are given out and distributed, the files 
are kept intact, records of all work are received, tabulated 
and filed daily and monthly reports are prepared, necessary 
for the Head of the Department to ascertain the condition 
of each utility at any time, as far as maintenance and oper- 
ation are concerned. The maps of the Utilities are kept up 
to date, all drafting work necessary for historical and office 
records, plans and estimates are prepared for improve- 
ments and many other things done such as are necessary to 
keep complete and accurate recor dof all activities. 

The Departmen': of Utilities is an established necessity. 
When consideration is given to the fact that not only all of 
the Utilities of the Post are maintained and operated, but 
each and every building must be furnished with light, heat, 
water and kept in repairs. This means that a permanent 
operating and maintenance force must be established at 
each Post. It is not only necessary to make all repairs 
which are reported and to fix the responsibility for the re- 
pairs necessary, due to abuse and not contracted by fair 
wear and tear, but all the utilities and all the buildings 
must be kept in workable condition and at the highest pos- 
sible standard, even though these repairs are not directly 
rei'orted. This requires a continuous maintenance force 
which must make daily inspection and repairs. From an 
operating standpoint, water must be supplied, light fur- 
nished, and sewers kept open and clean, ice manufactured, 
buildings kept warm, carpenter, painting and janitor work 
must be done, roads repaired and drainage system at all 

55 



times ready to carry off flowing water. SERVICE MUST 
BE RENDERED. 

Co-Ordination of Work With Post Organizations: All 
orders of every nature, requests for repairs relative to the 
work done by Utilities, must come through the Officer in 
charge of Utilities. When it is desired to have orders 
issued for observance by the Post at large, memorandums 
are sent to the Adjutant. When approved are made a part 
of Post orders and issued. 

The operating equipment for Utilities is of the best in 
construction. Coal and ash handling equipment consists of 
coal crusher and bucket conveyor capable of handling 25 
tons of coal per hour. A travelling weighing hopper of 
two ton capacity is used for conveying and weighing coal 
to stokers from overhead bunkers having 200 tons storing 
capacity. Two (2) 276 Horse Power type S14 Sterling 
\¥ater Tube Boilers constructed to operate under 162 
pounds working pressure, fired by self cleaning Jones Un- 
derfeed Stokers, capable of operating boilers at 150 per 
cent of rating. Forced draft fan is driven by a Troy engine 
and has auxiliary motor drive. Two (2) additional 276 
Horse Power Sterling boilers of the same type are now be- 
ing installed. These boilers will be equipped with Jones 
A. C. Stokers, capable of operating boilers at 200 per cent 
of rating. 

Chimney is 184 feet in height from base and SYz feet 
inside diameter at base. 

Two (2) 150 K. W. three wire 250-125 volt Fort Wayne 
Electric Works generators, directly connected to two (2) 
Kerr Co.'s economic Type Steam Turbines, running at 2,000 
R. P. M. Switchboard consists of two (2) generator panels 
and two (2) feeder panels equipped with necessary 
switches, circuit breakers, volt and ampere meters, Watt 
meters on power and lighting bus, registering the total out- 
put. Excavation has been made foi an addition to Power 
House to be 80'x75'. Two (2) 250 K. W. Generators driv- 
en by compound Hamilton Corliss Engines will be in- 
stalled as soon as building is completed. 

56 



Refrigeration— One Co. 2 Compressor of 30 tons refrig- 
erating capacity directly connected to a 10x24" Hamilton 
Corliss Engine is in operation at present. One Co2 Com- 
pressor of 60 tons capacity directly connected to a 14x30" 
Hamilton Corliss Engine has been contracted for and will 
be erected sooo. 

The refrigerating equipment includes one steam driv- 
en and one motor driven brine pump. Co2 condensor and 
brine coolers with brine tank of sufficient capacity. An ice 
making plant with capacity of 4.800 pounds ot ice per 24 
hours is part of this equipment. In addition to the brine 
cooled refrigerators now in service, and to those to be in- 
stalled in the new Units of this Hospital, a drinking water 
cooling and circulating system will be installed. The ca- 
pacity of this system is to be cooling of 200 gallons of wat- 
er from 75 degrees to 40 degrees and 800 gallons of re- 
circulating water from 50 degrees to 40 degrees per hour. 

The following heaters are installed in the present En- 
gine Room. One 1,500 h. p. Cochrane open feed water 
heater, one exhaust steam heater for service water, this 
heater is also equipped with thermostatic valve to admit 
live steam, when needed. One exhaust steam heater for 
hot water heating system with a capacity of heating 2,000 
gallons of water per minute from 160 to 190 degrees. A 
heater of same size and capacity has been contracted for 
and v/ill be installed in the near future. In addition to 
these a live steam heater is also installed and ready for 
service. 

In the engine room basement are installed two Kerr Tur- 
bine driven Jeanesville centrifugal pumps for circulating 
of hot water through heating system. The capacity of these 
pumps is 1,000 gallons per minute at 100' head each. One 
additional motor driven Manistee roto pump with a ca- 
pacity of 1,500 gallons at 100' or 2,000 gallons at 73' head 
will be installed for same purposes. 

The combined heating service supplied by these pumps 
will be approximately 100,000 square feet of radiation. Part 

«7 



of this radiation will consist of in-direct vento coils. There 
will be 11 air washers, each complete with separate driven 
fans and 11 motor driven pumps. The majority of the di- 
rect radiation will be controlled by Johnson Service Co.'s 
Temperature Regulators. Sylphon Valves being used 
throughout. Two 9x5x10 outside packed plunger pumps of 
Buffalo Steam Pump Co.'s make are used for Boiler feed. 
These are equipped with revolution counters and the 
amount of feed water is calculated strokes by area — 10 
per cent for slip. It is however intended to install a water 
meter at a later date. 

Three (3) 6x4x6 outside packed plunger pumps of same 
make are also installed in Engine room basement. Two 
are used to drain low pressure heaters and the other for 
boiler washing. Two Hygeia non-agitating Type Filters, 
with a capacity of 5,000 gallons per hour each are used to 
filter all service water. Two motor driven centrifugal 
pumps with capacity of 500 gallons per minute are in use 
to boost city pressure and for fire purposes. One motor 
driven air compressor, delivering 80' of free air per min- 
ute is used for Garage, heat regulation and general 
purposes. An additional compressor of 150 feet per minute 
capacity will be installed shortly. Live steam for Kitchen, 
Laundry, Sterilization and other purposes is also furnished 
from Power Plouse. All additions and changes mentioned 
in this report are made at the expense of the Henry Ford 
Hospital. 

Utlities are operated at this Post with Civilian Labor 
and Enlisted Personnel. The Civilians were taken over by 
the Government with the Hospital when same was turned 
over for Government use. 

PERSONNEL OFFICE 

Lieut. August Seidler, S. C, Registrar and Personnel 
Adjutant. 

Date of arrival of first officer — Colonel Cooper, October 
30, 1918. Date of arrival of first detachment of enlisted 
men, November 23, 1918 — 28 men from Camp Custer, Michi- 

5S 



gan, December 14, 1918; detachment of 380 men arrived 
from Camp Greenleaf, Ga. 

Date of arrival of first nurse, November 23, 1918, Miss 
Kirkpatrick, Chief Nurse; 14 nurses arrived November 25, 
1918, from Fort Wayne, Michigan; December 25, 1918, 40 
nurses arrived from Port Riley, Kansas. 

Number of enlisted men on duty June 20, 1919 — Medical 
Department, 489; Quartermaster Corps, two; Motor Trans- 
port Corps, 33; Ordinance Corps, one. 

REGISTRARS OFFICE 
Date of admission of first patient November 25, 1918. 
Total number of admissions to June 20, 1919 — 1,990. Date 
of arrival of first detachment of overseas patients Feb- 
ruary 20, 1919. Number of patients in Hospital June 20, 
1919—669. 

OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN 
Admissions: 

From command, 395. By transfer from other hospitals, 
1,179. Other sources, 35. 

Dispositions : 

Returned to duty, 878. Discharged for disability, 55. 
Died, 1. Transferred to other hospitals, 38. Othewise dis- 
posed of, 76. Remaining in hospital, 592. In quarters, 14. 
Days lost in Hospital, 45,618; in Quarters, 1,801. 

NURSES 
Admitted from command, 33. By transfer from other 
Hospitals, 3. Returned to duty, 26. Otherwise disposed 
of, 2. Remaining in Hospital, 8. Days lost in Hospital, 432. 
Quarters, 60. 

CIVILIANS 

Admissions : 

From command and other sources, 29. 

Dispositions : 

Died, 3. Otherwise disposed of, 22. Remaining in Hos- 
pital, 4. Days lost in Hospital, 175. 

69 



The above data as of admissions and disposition from 
date of opening of Hospital to May 31st, inclusive. 

DISPENSARY 
Dispensary opened December 9, 1919. Number of pre- 
scriptions filled to June 20, 1919, 4,867. Sectional case sys- 
tem is used in Dispensary. Three men on duty in the Dis- 
pensary. 



CHATPER IX. 
HOSPITAL NEWSPAPER 
THE DETROIT AZUWER, the official publication for 
this hospital, has been published weekly since the first 
week in February, 1919. At the time this is being written 
seventeen numbers have been issued and the paper has 
met with unexpected, success. 

Hospital newspapers are sanctioned by The Surgeon 
General of the Army, but the local organ was the out- 
growth of the energy and interest turned toward it by The 
Commanding Officer, Lieut. Colonel A. T. Cooper. Patients 
began to arrive for the first time early in February and it 
was with the idea of giving them a newspaper which would 
represent their past activities and their life here that the 
Colonel combed the personnel for a staff. 

The Colonel ascertained that Lieut. H. C. Hines, then 
Director of General Education, had had several years' ex- 
perience as a newspaper editor. Hence, he immediately ap- 
pointed Lieut. Hines the editor-in-chief of the publication 
then unborn, v/ith instructions for the latter to gather 
about him such men or women who would be capable of 
producing a paper worthy of the hospital. 

Lieut. Hines imjnediately organized his staff, largely 
composed of members of the Educational Service. Among 
these were Corporal O. R. Johnson (associate editor). Cor- 
poral A. H. Hoch (business manager). Corporal G. H. 
Bechtel (reporter), Pvt. First Class H. E. Knarr (adver- 
tising manager), Pvt. George Stevens (advertising solici- 

60 



tor), and Pvt. First Class A. H. Capps (circulation man- 
ager). Organization was affected and it was arranged to 
publish the first number on February 8. The paper be- 
gan modestly, running eight pages, seven columns. It 
was devoted to news of the hospital, carried a message to 
the soldiers from Major Ian Hay Beith of the British Army, 
featured pictures of Abraham Lincoln and Theodore 
Roosveelt, and was dedicated to Colonel Cooper. It was 
well received not only by the hospital personnel but by 
the public at large, the advertisers of Detroit being espec- 
ially helpful in a substantial way. 

Shortly after the organization of the staff and just 
prior to the issue of the first number, the Section of Gen- 
eral Publicity of the office of The Surgeon General gave 
valuable assistance by sending additional personnel for the 
staff. Hospital Sergeant Henry G. Hullfish was sent 
down to take the position of managing editor, Hospital 
Sergeant Ovid C. Lane as news editor. Sergeant Joseph J. 
Quinlin as circulation manager, and Sergeant Joseph A. 
Zastrow, Sergeant George Schuhrieman, and Pvt. First 
Class Ed. G. Hacker as advertising solicitors. 

With this additional personnel of experienced news- 
paper men,^ it was possible to expand. A bigger paper was 
planned and issued which assumed metropolitan propor- 
tions. In addition other members were added to the staff. 
Hospital Sergeant Edward J. Beck was made magazine 
editor, Pvt. Robert L. Ratto assistant business manager, 
Miss Ruth Ann Wilbur staff artist. Corporal Joseph E. 
Kuczinski staff photographer, Sergeant First Class Moore, 
sales manager. Corporal E. D. Bacon reporter, and Lieut. 
Roger V. Garrett business manager. Later in the paper's 
history Mr. H. C. L. Jackson was made news editor and 
Miss Ruth L. Downey reporter; Pvt. H. F. Williams came 
on the staff as photographer on the discharge of Corporal 
Kuczinski. Several changes took place by discharges and 
transfers. Hospital Sergeant Lano was transferred to 
Fort Sheridan, and, in addition to Corporal Kuczinski, Cor- 
poral Ratto was discharged. Several members of the 

61 



Educational Service were needed in that division and were 
recalled. These were Corporals Johnson and Hoch, with 
the original staff, and Corporal Fenske on part time duty. 
Sergeant W. R. Fraser, who had acted as office man, was 
also recalled to the Educational Service. Corporal Bechtel 
injured his foot and was confined to the hospital for two 
months, eventually passing up his work on the paper. 

There are three distinct divisions of a newspaper which 
keep it in operation. First the news department must be 
specialized and efficient. THE AZUWER was fortunate in 
having on its staff news writers of exceptional capabili- 
ties, and the mechanical side was so well cared for that 
critics from the Detroit dailies failed to find any place 
where the publication might be improved. Second, the 
subscription list must be relatively large. This depart- 
ment was operated by men of experience also, but this 
field was never a howling success. The public was willing 
to invest a few nickles a week in the purchase of the paper 
but did not overcrowd the circulation department with sub- 
scriptions. Third, the advertising must go far toward 
paying the printer. To size up that field fairly, it can be 
said that while the business men of Detroit very often 
gave evidence of never having heard of the war and of 
disabled soldiers, the staff, by dint of great effort,, secured 
nearly as much advertising as the paper could carry each 
week. 

Contrary to other hospital papers, the local publica- 
tion has never received one cent of aid from any source. It 
started without a penny and has paid all of its bills up to 
the present time, having laid by for further use a relatively 
large balance. The accounts of the paper have been 
audited each week by the Post Exchange Council and that 
body has acted as bankers for the publication. 

Plans are at this time on foot to improve the quality 
and grade of the paper and it is also hoped that sufficient 
funds will be secured to publish a year-book, such work to 
be done by the present staff. 

62 



Major George P. Arps, Chief Educational officer, was 
early appointed supervising officer of THE AZUWER, and 
it was due to his untiring efforts that the paper was well 
advertised in Detroit and that the staff secured comfortable 
quarters in which to carry on the necessary work. All in 
all it has been a tremendous task to publish the local 
paper but those who have been attached to it have given 
of their time and energies without "stint or limit." 



CHAPTER X. 

AUXILIARY ORGANIZATIONS 

American Red Cross 

William S. Otis, field director. 

Robert Phillips, associate field director in charge of 
Hospital Communication work. 

J. W. Jorgensen, associate field director, in charge of 
Home Service. 

A. W. Miller, assistant director, Recreation Department. 

Ralf McLain, assistant director, Bureau of Communi- 
cation Service. 

A. W. McMillen, assistant director. Bureau of Com- 
munication Service. 

W. Herbert Bartlett, musical director. 

Paul S. Fox, assistant director, in charge of supplies. 

The American Red Cross in the hospital is in a unique 
position for a civilian organization. Under the provision 
of bulletin number fifty of the War Department, the 
American Red Cross serving with the land forces becomes 
part of the sanitary service of such forces and is the only 
volunteer society authorized by the Government to render 
aid to said service. This bulletin further states that any 
other society desiring to render similar aid can do so only 
under the American Red Cross. This principle covers ac- 
tivities on the reservation occupied by hospitals as well. 

A certain definite program is laid down for the organi- 
zation. This can be roughly divided into four classes of 

63 



service. First, hospital service which covers all emerg- 
ency service, by which the Red Cross agrees to respond to 
any call from officers of the Army or Navy to render sup- 
plementary or emergency service of any kind whatever as 
specifically authorized for the Army by General Order 
Number Seven. Second, Communication Service, which 
has to do with the communication of the men of the Army, 
Navy and Marine Corp on one hand and their families and 
friends on the other hand and the securing of information 
concerning the one for the other. Third, Home Service, 
which is that branch of Red Cross Service which has to 
do with the well being of the families of the enlisted men 
of the Army, Navy and Marine Corps. Fourth, Recreation 
Service, which is attached to the Educational Department 
of a hospital and which has a definite program outlined by 
the surgeon general to provide recreation and entertain- 
ment for the patients, nurses, ofl!icers and detachment men. 

All of the above branches of the service are authorized 
])y distinct orders from the War Department and all of 
these branches of service are in existence in the U. S. Army 
Hospital No. 36. The official representative of the Red 
Cross at any post or hospital is known as the field director 
and at the head of the various departments of service are 
assistants known as associate field directors who may have 
one or more assistatns in each department. These Red 
Cross workers have the status of officers and are privileged 
to wear the insignia of officers. 

The Red Cross work in this hospital was started in 
the early part of the present year on the appointmeint of 
Mr. A. P. Carroll as field direccor. About the same time 
Mr. Robert Phillips came here as associate field director in 
charge of Communication Service and was followed a short 
time later by Mr. J. W. Jorgensen, is associate field director 
in charge of Home Service. As the work grew, additions 
were made to the staff and at the present time there are 
eight officers and five clerical assistants in the Red Cross 
force. On May twenty-fifth Mr. Carroll resigned as field 

64 



director and was succeeded by the present incumbent Wm. 
S. Otis. 

Through the hospital service the Red Cross is dis- 
tributing from five to eight thousand cigarettes daily, 
flowers, pastries, candy, fruit, toilet articles of various 
kinds, various items of clothing, in fact endeavoring to 
meet the needs of patients and detachment men where 
same can not be taken care of through regular channels. 
It has also made numerous emergency purchases for the 
Educational Department and for the various departments 
of the hospital where the articles could not be obtained 
through army channels at all or without long delay. 

In the Bureau of Communication the Red Cross is 
sending out the official notice of arrival to the relatives, 
supplementing this with a personal letter from the Red 
Cross advising the family of the man's general condition 
with a few words as to the excellent service he is receiving 
from the medical authorities. Also handles hundreds of 
communications from the families concerning the physical 
well being of the men. The workers in this department 
visit the wards numerous times each day and render per- 
sonal service of various kinds to the men. In addition the 
Red Cross has organized a corps of women visitors who 
daily visit the wards and endeavor to be of service to the 
patients in various ways. 

In the Home Service Department upwards of one 
thousand cases have been handled in which assistance of 
various kinds has been given to the men, ranging from 
advise on insurance, allotments and allowance, compensa- 
tion, etc., to the furnishing of financial and medical relief 
to the families of the men at home. In addition to this, 
the department is used extensively by the authorities for 
the purpose of investigating home conditions, when requests 
are made by military authorities, for furloughs, discharges, 
etc. 

In the Recreation Service the Red Cross representa- 
tive is active in the Morale Department and by order of 
the commandant all arrangements for entertainment and 

65 



recreation of the patients and detachment men at this hos- 
pital are handled through the Red Cross. 

The organization has been working under certain dis- 
advantages in that its recreation building has been delayed 
in construction and has just been completed, during the 
past week. Full program of events has been planned for 
the future and already the building is proving very popular 
as evidenced by the fact that the three entertainments 
given so far have averaged an attendance in excess of four 
hundred. 

Y. M. C. A. Hut 

The Y. M. C. A. building on the ground of the hospital 
is exceedingly attractive with its spacious porches, hang- 
ing baskets and reclining chairs and is located quite a dis- 
tance from the noise and distractions of the street in the 
midst of a lawn of rolling green. 

A program of activities is planned for each day at the 
*'Y". If the men are confined to their wards, and are un- 
able to go to the hut, secretaries go to them with their 
ministry of song and cheer. 

The program consists of movies on Mondays; an edu- 
cational lecture and an enlisted men's dance on Tuesdays; 
movies and a militant religious message on Wednesdays; 
an officers' dance every other Thursday night; vaudeville 
on Fridays; social on Saturdays, and on Sundays there are 
three religious services. 

Remedial gymnastics are offered each day in the gym- 
nasium of the hut under the direction of C. I. Freeman, 
athletic director. Even the men in wheel chairs enter the 
ball-throwing games planned for their special benefit. 

A brotherly spirit is always shown by the secretaries 
toward the men who seiek recreation in the hut. Pool 
tables, writing faciltiies, Victrolas and all the gymnasium 
apparatus are always at their disposal. 

Knights of Columbus 

When U. S. General Hospital No. 36 first opened as an 

i. 66 



Armv institution, Mr. Don T. Galvin was appointed secre- 
tary of the we,lfare work for the Knights of Colambus ac- 
tivities. Owing to laclv of space no office was assigned to 
the Knights of Columbus and as Mr. Galvin was then act- 
ing as secretary at Fort Wayne he was not able to spend 
more than half days at this hospital. 

On April 7, 1919, the Solarium on Unit D was turned 
over to the Knights of Colimibus as its official headquarters. 
Mr. D. J. Rooney was added as a secretary May 10, 1919. 

The Solarium was furnished with writing tables, chairs, 
writing material, playeir piano, Victrola, pool tables, maga- 
zines, and cigarettes, candy and cigars always on the tables 
for visitors. 

Mass was conducted every Sunday by an ordained 
priest. 

An orderly from the enlisted personnel of the hospital, 
was detailed to help the secretaries, early in April, and a 
civilian clerk was added to the staff by the Knights of 
Columbus. 

During its activities the Knights of Columbus has dis- 
tributed 80,000 cigarettes, 10,000 cigars, 2,000 chocolate 
bars, and a ton of candy. Everybody welcome, everything 
free, has been its policy from the start. 
Jewish Welfare Board 
In the beginning, the Jewish Welfare Board had no 
regular representative at the Hospital, the work being 
handled by the local branch of the Board, and its local sec- 
retary, Mr. I. W. Jacobs. Mr. Jacobs has visited the Jewish 
patients regularly. The Local Branch provided eating and 
sleeping accomodations during Jewish holidays for the 
Jewish men at the hospital, since the inception of the 
Service. The Jewish Welfare Board Building down town 
has been open to all men of the Post, and has filled a par- 
ticular want on Saturdays and Sundays, when sleeping ac- 
comodations were provided for the men, free, of charge. 
A weekly Sunday evening dance, with refreshments, also 

67 



filled a need, since no entertainment, of any kind, was pro- 
vided at the Hospital, or other places, for the men in uni- 
form on that evening. 

At the Hospital, the J. W. B. furnished refreshments 
for the Red Cross Dance, bi-monthly, and lately, weekly. 
It also provided two complete moving picture shows for 
the wards each week, since the beginning. Mr. E. H. Saul- 
son has lent his services to the Morale Branch of thei Hos- 
pital, and through him this part of the Service was able 
to get the new baseball diamond laid out by the Detroit 
Baseball Club, and through his efforts too, the bleachers 
were erected by the Department of Public Works of tlie 
City of Detroit. The J. W. B. has also assisted greatly in 
the athletic and morale work of the hospital, as its present 
representative, Mr. E. H. Saulson, in addition to his other 
duties, was detailed for service under the morale officer of 
the. hospital, Major George F. Arps. Major Arps, in speak- 
ing of the services of Mr. Saulson, the representative of the 
Jewish Welfare Board, in a recent communication, said, 
"He has rendcii'ed valuable assistance in the organization 
of the hospital Morale Office. It is largely through his 
efforts that the various and sundry problems, connected 
with the work of this office, were reduced to order and sys- 
tem, thus contributing, largely, to the efficiency of the 
office." 

American Library Association— Hospital Library 
(IVIiss Elizabeth Pomeroy, Librarian.) 

The A. L. A. War Service began its work in U. S. Army 
General Hospital No. 36, February 1st, 1919. From this 
date service has be.en rendered, through tne cooperation 
of the Detroit Public Library, but the library room in the 
Solarium of Unit B of the new building, was not finished 
for occupancy until March 11th. 

At the beginning, the library hours were from 9 a. m. 
to 9 p. m., but as the. doors were never locked, and always 
swung a welcome, the place w^as in use at S o'clock in Ihe 

68 



morning and because of a request made by the Detachment 
men, the lights were kept on until 10 o'clock in the evening. 
The collection of about 4,000 volumes includes books 
on practically every subject with a good supply of inter- 
esting fiction. 

Regular visits are made to all wards and particular 
care is taken to supply bed patients with desired reading 
matter. 

About fifty daily papers are received from all parts of 
the country and the man in bed is supplied with his "home 
town" paper whenever possible. 

Deposits of books are furnished the Y. M. C. A, hut, 
Ward 2, in the old building, and the Guard House. Late 
magazines are also supplied with these deposits and all 
wards in both buildings, the Red Cross Rooms, K. of C, 
Nurses' Solarium, and Reconstruction Aides' Rest Room, 
regularly visited with current magazines. 

The library cooperates with the Educational Service in 
furnishing supplementary books on all subjects taught in 
that department. 

About 1,000 volumes per month are charged out by actual 
count, but as the books are usually read by several men in 
a ward on one charge from the library, statistics are of 
little value in determining the circulation. 

A good reference collection is maintained in the library 
and the use and popularity of the "Sun Parlor" as a read- 
ing and reference room, is sufficient proof that the war 
work undertaken by the American Library Association is a 
necessary part of the hospital life. 



ea 



On June 26, the Commanding Officer received a letter 
from the Surgeon General of the Army setting forth that 
"Instructions have this day been received that U. S. Gener- 
al Hospital No. 36, Detroit, Mich., will be abandoned, and, 
in accordance with request of the Surgeon General of the 
Public Health Service, dated June 16, 1919, it will be trans- 
ferred to the Treasury Department. All patients and per- 
sonnel will be out of the building by August 1, 1919 

When all Medical Department personnel and patients 
have been disposed of, you are directed to turn this hos- 
i)ital, with all supplies and equipment requiied by the 
Public Health, over to a proper representative of that 
-office." Thereupon steps were immediately taken to expe- 
•dite the movement of all patients and the discharge of 
•J.he enlisted personnel. 

Thus arose, served and passed into history, IT. S. A. 
General Hospital No. 36. It is appropriate to record 
acknowledgement of the efficient, loyal and sacrificing 
services, for the most part, of the men and vv^omen who 
have constituted its personnel. 

Without the dominant war motive and without the 
hope of popular acclaim they have exerted their best tal- 
ents, actuated, in many instances, almost entirely from a 
sense of patriotic duty. 

Their chief reward must always remain an inward sat- 
isfaction in having rendered the nation an important ser- 
vice in creating Educational opportunities according med- 
ical and surgical service for men worthy of every consid- 
eration which a grateful people may bestow. 

So varied have been the advantages accorded the na- 
tion's sick and wounded that well may Opportunity ex- 
claim: 

"They do me wrong who say I come no more, 
When once I knock and fail to find you in; 
For every day I stand outside your door. 
And bid you wake, and rise to fight and win." 

70 



NURSES AT U. S. A. GENERAL HOSPITAL NO. S6 



Keener, Lydia (Chief Nurse) 
Klrkpatrick, Mabel (Chief 
Nurse) 

Disch. Apr. 19, 1919 
Adams, Josephine 

Disch. Mar. 20, 1919 
Bennell, Julia 

Disch. Mar. 20, 1919 
Bishop, Charmian 

Bourke, Florence 

Disch. May 22, 1919 
Bennett, Pearl 

Britton, Lydia 

Disch. July 1. 1919 
Campbell, Flora 
Campbell, Katherine 
Cholcher, Ida 
Corrigan, Alice 
Craig, Clara 
Demoor, Mary 

Disch. July 1. .1919 

Dodds, Dianna 

Eichenberger, Minnie 

Falls, Hazel 

Ferguson, Edith 

Flynn, Johanna 

Foley, Florence 

Gallagher, Elice 

Glover, Sophronia 

Green, Mary 

Goff, Hazel 

Transf. June 24. 1919 

Graham, Louise 

Disch. Mar. 20. 1919 

Hall, Marguerite 

Disch. Mar. 22, 1919 

Hanson, Alma 

Harger, Edith 

Disch. July 1, 1919 

Hanselman, Louise 

Harris, Margaret 



Higgins, Mary J. 
Higgins, Mary M. 
Hewitt, Edna 

Irvine, Mary 

Disch. July 2, 1919 
Iverson, Mary 
Jentgen, Loretta 
Jettie, Edith 

Disch. Mar. 20, 1919 
Johnson, Eva 
Johnson, Agnes 

Disch. Jan. 23, 1919 
Johnston, Mabella 

Jones, Edith 

Disch. Jan. 10, 1919 
Jones, Katherine 
Kallen, Hannah 
Kenney, Edna 

Kiernan, Lillian 

Disch. Mar. 20, 1919 
Lanthier, Viola 
LeMieux, Emma 
Louden, Florence 

Lovett, Lilly 

Disch. Mar. 20. 1919 

McWebb, Mary 

MacWilliams, Charlotte 

McKellin, Elizabeth 

Disch. June 5, 1919 

Martin, Emma 
McCauley, Georgia 
McLean, Mary 
Millard, Elizabeth 
Miller, Edna 
Mueller, Elizabeth 
Murphy, Grace 
Mourer, Mildred 
Murphy, Grace 
Mupgrave, Sarah 
Metzger, Mary 

Disch. May 8, 1919 
Munsey, Maud 

Disch. Jan. 16. 1919 



71 



MoBtteski, Helen 

Disch. May 20, 1919 
Neubert, Sophie 

Trans. June 28, 1919 

Noonan, Mayrae 
Palen, Grace 

O'Kaine, Lillian 

Disch. June 5, 1919 

Olson, Rachael 

Disch. Jan. 20. 1919 

Peck, Harriet 
Pickel, Helen 

Parsons, Lenore 

Disch. Jan. 10, 1919 

Peters, Minnie 

Disch. May 20, 1919 

Phil brook, Ruth 

Disch. April 27, 1919 

Pomeroy, Mildred 

Disch. Mar. 2. 1919 

Peters, Edith 

Purdy, Harriet 

Ravwitch, Annie 

Disch. July 1. 1919 

Rennie, Margaret 

Disch. July 1. 1919 

Reen, Mary 

Disch. Jan. 10, 1919 
Renmen, Karanda 

Disch. .Ian. 24, 1919 

Riek, Bora 

Disch. June 5. 1919 

RECONSTRUCTION AIDES 
Adams, Rebecca A. (Head) 
Beebe, Kathleen M. 
Boyd, Mrs. Ruth R. 
Brown, Christine E. 
Bradley, Margaret 
Bryant, Lyman M. 
Charles, Albert W. 
Davis, Vesper W. 
Deveraoux, Lois 
Downey, Ruth I. 



Roach, Margaret 

Rossum, Tilda 

Rumberger, Erma 

Rustad, Glenda 

Ryan, Junie 

Ryan, Margaret 

Russel, Genevieve 

Samuelson, Mary 

Schantz, Ida 

Shaub, Josephiae 

Sesson, Ruth 

Shotwell, Mable 

Skog, Bertha 

Disch. May 20, 1919 

Slater, Elsie 

Sleeper, Maud 

Sopko, Theresa 

Strout, Helen 

Sturrock, Helen 

Thomas, Cornelia 

Thornhill, Pearl 

Thorpe, Francis 

Wall, Margaret 

Watson, Marian 

White, Clara 

Wilkowske, Pauline 

Williamson, Edith 

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 

Dauplaise, Marie 
Delisle, Violet C. 
Driscoll, Aloysia M. 

Prantz, Sarah G. 

Disch. June 30, 191» 
Gardiner, Elizabeth G. 
Haberkorn, Adelaide D. 
Hadjisky, Elizabeth 
Henry, Jean S. 
Hines, Mrs. Ruth Ann 



72 



Hunter, Leora 
Jackson, H. C. L. 
Keenan, Marie 
Kneeland, Blanch G. 
Kuczynski, Joseph 
Lippe, Rae 
Potts, Samuel L. 

Palms, Josephine D. 

Disch. June 21, 1919 



Plummer, Ruth A. 
Riehman, Mathilde 
Reed, Lillian E. 
Russell, Elizabeth S 
Rottman, Shirley M. 
Seadler, Miriam 
Spaulding, Laura S. 
Turner, Jennie A. 
Woodies, Ida 



RECONSTFtUCTION 

Baker, Ruth T. 
Barrett, Lillian B. 
Beat, Winnifred 
Burtnette, Ethel 
Cabeen, Lucile 
Carnett, Laura 
Curtis, Anna 
Belong, Florence 



AIDS— PHYSIO THERAPY 

Doty, Daisey E. 
Hallett, Mrs. E. 
McAllister, Carroll 
Skinner, Margaret 
Terry, Eselle 
Wellington, Dorothy 
Walcott, Clara L. 
Rivirdo, Marino 



ENLISTED PERSONNEL OF U. S. A. GENERAL 
HOSPITAL NO. 36 



Master Hospital Sergeants 
Lyons, Harry E. 
McAndrews, Michael 
Martin, John W. 
Steigerwald, Victor 

Hospital Sergeants 
Beck, Edward J. 
Benson, Charles L. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Emery, Warren 
Lovei, John 
Schler, William 

Sergeants 1st Class 

Benge, Eugene J. 

Disch. May 28. 1919 

Bere, James G. 

Disch. April 11. 1919 



Clark, John D. 

Cotter, Arthur B. 

Early, Martin L. 

East. Stiles R. 

Fisk, Edgar A. 

Foote, Charles 

Grueter, Leo H. 

Hannum, Louis M. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Howe, C. J. 

Disch. April 11. 1919 

Kelly, Harry E. 

Disch. April 11. 1919 
Langley, Arthur W. 
McCarty, Allen J. 
McClendon, Homer 
Mallory, LeRoy N. 



73 



Manson, Chas. D. 

Disch. May 6. 1919 

Moore, Glen R. 

Noble, Orrion L. 

Palmore, Curtis E. 

Disch. April 11. 1919 
Poorman, Harry W. 
Reid, David R. 

Sarre, Alphons J. 

Disch. June 24. 1919 
Scotland. Andrew B. 
Senkel, John 
Smith, Harold H. 

Taub, Israel 

Disch. May 23, 1919 
Campbell, Oliver F. 

Sergeants 
Axford, Raymond 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Barger, John J. 
Bassett, Amos T. 
Berkstrasser, Chas. F. 
Brandt, Bertram H. 
Brenzy, Andrew 
Brierre, Theodore 
Bush, Lyle G. 
Carr, Gordon 
Cavun, Albert 
Clark, Ernest 
Cornelius, Percy H. 
Craig, John, Jr. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Dacre, Edward F. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
DeLaPointe, Geo. E. 
Dimmick, Forest L. 
Fishburn, Berlyn W. 
Eraser, Wilford R. 
Gelhaar, Earl A. 
Goble, Raymond 

Disch. April 11, 1919 



Haynie, Frank G. 

Harpster, Paul F. 

Disch. April 15, 191? 

Henry, Edward M. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Hewitt, Raymond E. 
Hickman, James 
Hollister, Paul L. 
Horn, Clarence A. 
Jordan, Rufus E. 
Keane, Michael F. 
Keeler, Bradford 
Kerstetter, Chas. 
Lund, Clarence R. 
McCreary, Augustus M. 
McFadden, Wm. F. 
Mallory, John D. 
Miller, David 
Moran, Theodore C. 
Muchotzky, Joseph 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Meyers, Landon 
Nelson, John D. 
Parsons, Earl D. 
Pascal, Edwin H. 
Reus, Frederick C. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Rush, Lyle G. 
Schlipp, Frederick 
Shapiro, Jacob 

Schultz, Abraham 

Disch. April 11, 191S 
Smith, Nathan R. 
Spaulding, Robt. L. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Ehalaker, Bush E. 
Thomas, Philip W. 

Van Buren, Ira P. 

Disch. April 27. 1919 
Weatherhead, John F. 
Wilbur, Raymond T. 

74 



Wilson, Henry E.' 
Wood, Charles H. 
Wray, James 

Corporals 

Aldrid, William F. 
Bayless, Ralph E. 
Bacon, Edwin 
Beehtel, George H. 
Buss, Truman H. 
Bardwell, Leland F, 
Bennett, Clyde M. 

Brown, Merle L. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 

Burns, Wra. T. 
Bush, Leroy E. 

Disch. Feb. 5. 1919 
Cassidy, Charles C. 
Clarke, Francis P. 
Cissa, Albert P. 
Conroy, Francis R. 
Covington, Harry D. 
Dackard, Harry M. 
Doughty, Francis 
Druek, Edward C. 
Fenske, Leon W. 

Flaherty, John A. 

Disch. .Tan. 17, 1919 
Frites, Hugh 
Giganis, Michael 
Gorgan, Mark D. 
Hahn, Fred P. 
Hefferman, Patrick J. 

Howell, Frank 

Disch. Mar. 28, 1919 
Hoch, Alvin H. 
Jackson, Reynold D. 
Jarvey, Wm. J. 

Disch. April 11. 1919 

Johnson, Oscar R. 
Johnson, Frank W. 



Johnson, Walter 
Jones, Sam O. 
Kahm, Geo. P. 
Knarr, Harry E. 
Krause, Alexander R. 

Kuczynskim, Jos. 

Di.sch. April 11, 1919 
Kutz, Wm. G. 

Disch. June 17, 1919 
Leith, Curtis G. 
Long, Clayton 
Maki, Leonard 
McCormick, Harry A. 
Martin, Robert C. 
Mason, Fred M. 
Messang, Philip J. 
Moist, Jvlilton A. 
Mulikan. James 
Nevins, Andrews 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Olson, John 
Petzold, John 
Pierro, Julius C. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Sexauer, Fred 
Skow, John B. 
Sleighter, Mark H. 
Staub, John 
Steinberg, Arthur A. 
Stewart, Henry E. 
Stone, Harry 
Steranchak, Steven 
Suneson, Andrew M. 
Trice, Geo. A. 

Disch. April 11. 1919 
Van Dusen, Morris E. 
Ward, Kenneth, M. 
Wilson, Joseph L. 
Wirth, William A. 
Wood, Arthur G. 



75 



Zapf, George F. 

Cooks 
Arrant, John R. 
Arrant, James O. 
Brooks, Tennyson 
Burgess, James 
Coble, Alonzoa 
Gast, Fotos 
Hall, Dempsey 
Henning, Herbert J. 

Disch. Feb. 15, 1919 
Hopper, Archie 
McFall, John B. 
Eiffel, Sol L. 
Schneider, Herman 

Disch. May 28, 1919 
Ullrich, Paul E. 

Mechanics 
Wodsoki, Louis S. 

Wagoners 
Akey, Herbert O. 

Privates 1st Class 
Baker, George W. 
Blackstock, Raleigh J. 
Blankinship, Sam 
Bowers, Udora 
Bullinger, Myron E. 
Calbi, Michael A. 
Capps, Augustus N. 
Cohn, Martin 
Decker, John 
DeLaRue, Geo. G. 
Dubuque, Oliver 
Fitzpatrick, Thos. 
Foltz, Clarence W. 
Gilkinson, Alva O. 
Gerleff, Thos. F. 



Hall, Hamilton K. 
Hippensteel, Miles B. 
Holmgren, Alfonso 
Holmquist, Albert M. 
Coberly, Joseph 
Hoy, William A. 
Johnson, Freeman A. 
Kinch, Oscar A. 
Klaus, Frederick A. 
Koch, Herbert C. 
Kuzigan, Gerald 
Larson, John 
Magalski, Edward 
Mays, Charlie H. 
Maynard, Frank H. 
Meddendorf, Albert H. 
Mills, Arvie P. 
Murtha, John J. 
Nutten, Donald C. 
Orelup, Edward L. 
Paulik, Wm. M. 
Pell, Harry 
Pell, Gerald S. 
Porterfield, John E. 
Powers, Wm. H. 
Pray, Joseph L, 
Price, James E. 
Ray, Jesse 
Reid, William A. 
Reinhardt, Oscar E. 
Renner, Howard D. 
Rigoulet, Harold A. 
Roach, Henry C. 
Ruppert, August J. 
Rushing, Otto U. 
Salmen, Leo 
Sampson, Herbert L. 
S chafer, Arthur 



76 



Schortz, Lucien P. 
Slack, John R. 
Shepard, John J. 
Stevenson, Avon B. 
Tacy, Guy B. 
Tucker, Leo R. 
Tumilowich, Edgar 
Biles, Benjamin F. 
Wall, Charlie B. 
Walters, Edwin 
Westray, Edgar F. 
Weidmann, Charles M. 
Wilson, Thomas 
Wendtland, Charles M. 
Woolson, Robt. B. 
Zingrone, Anthony 

Privates 
Abrahamson, Reuben 
Adams, Harold 
Adams, Herbert J. 
Adams, William N. 
Albers, Harry J. 
Alderson, Anthony 

Disch. April 7, 1919 

Albertus, Reginald E. 

Disch. May 6, 1919 

Andersen, J. E. 

Anderson, Joseph 

Anderson, Joseph A. 

Ashley, Andrew L. 

Disch. June 9, 1919 

Naldi, Antonio 

Ball, Edward M. 

Disch. April 7. 1919 

Barack, Benjamin 
Barton, Herman 
Barton, Frederick M. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Bellmore, Ernest 
Bensing, Henry F. 



Berg, Oscar 
Bergeron, Rudolph 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Berry, James M. 
Blazek, James 

Braun, Otto N. 

Disch. June 17, 1919 
Burkland, Nabert E. 

Disch. April 11. 1919 
Bond, Henry G. 
Bothwell, Charles E. 
Bowlen, Lawrence E. 
Brayovitch, Geo. T. 
Brooks, Jordan 
Brooks, Leland S. 
Brown, Jeptha 
Bryer, William 
Burgess, Grant A. 
Burmeister, Frank E 

Bush, Clarence A. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Caldwell, James E. 
Caldwell, Philip J. 
Cannon, Joseph 
Carr, M. G. 
Carroll, Bernard A. 
Cartin, Clyde E. 
Chaloupek, Edward 
Chapman, Adair 

Disch. June 9, 1919 
Chappuis, Howard S. 
Charles, Ira J. 
Chastin, Charles W. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Cherasaro, Henry 
Cohen, Louis 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Conti, Guiseppe 
Corbett, Robt. E. 
CorcJI, Wm. A. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Costigan, Geo. J. 



77 



Crafoiidoni, Gialluge 
Cudsc, Cecile M. 
Curteen, James O. 
Cyr, Napoleon E. 
Davis, Walter L. 
Deacon, Peter J. 

Dear, Gordon C. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
DeMaieo, Louis 

Devinnej', John F. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Dicke>, Claire W. 
DiHard, Geo. W. 
Dippold, Andrew M. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Drain, Lawrence 
DiX'dsop, August P. 
Ouggan, Charles 
Eagan, William J. 
Eagelson, Henry E. 
Eieheiieur, Edward H. 
PJIlenlai^tf, Jacob T. 
Ellis James O. 
Elliot:. V/illiara P. 

Emmons, George J. 

Disch. .Tune 9. 1919 

English, Charles J. 

Disch. April 11, 1910 

Enoch, Marie 
Evans, Floyd W. 

Exxell, Luther A. 

Disch. Aprx. 11, 1919 

Fanelli, Anthony P. 
Farris, Wm. K. 

Farver, Lloyd L. 

Disch. May 6, 1919 
Feucht, Harry P. 
Field, Edward A. 
Flath, William 
Flinspach, Edward M. 
Fokler, Drew B. 



Frederickson, Edmund H. 
Freeman, Joe, M. 
Fulton, Harold E. 
Gallety, Harry 
Garberino, Joe 
Gauner, Fred M. 
Gagger, Harry R. 
Gaydon, Adolph 
Geiss, Walter C. 
George, Willie T. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Glide, George 
Goldberg, Abraham 

Goodman, Clark S. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Gordon, Robert 

Disch. April 11. 1919 

Graham, John 
Grakausky, Walter 
Greene, Orus W. 

Greenberg, Wm. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Greenwald, Max 
Griffin, Marion A. 
Groeninger, Gus A. 
Grutschow, Elmer C. 

Gublin, Myron B. 

Disch. April 11. 1919 

Gumser, Walter W. 
Hackmeyer, Maurice 

Disch. May 9, 1919 
Hagadorn, Willard P. 
Haley, Gerald J. 
Hammill, Walter J. 

Handrus, Benj. 
Hart, Maynard C. 

Disch. April 11. 1919 

Hartman, Joseph 

Heinleine, Hiram K. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Herschler, Eugene J. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 



78 



Herschberger, Thos. B. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Hertel, John W. 

Hiltunnin, Peter A. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Hodge, Warren C. 

Hoekstra, Theodore 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Hogg, Alvin 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Hood, Clarence 

Disch. May 28, 1919 
Hooper, Glen O. 
Huson, William R. 
Innacone, Michael 
Jackson, Louis D. 
Jerrigan, Floyd L. 
Johnson, Ewell D. 

Jones, Burl D. 

Disch. May 28, 1919 
Jordan, Reive W. 
Kelley, Andrew J. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Keen, George H. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Keeney, Elijah 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Keesling, Lawrence K. 
Kersch, Walter 
Kerr, James H. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Kibbel, Stuart 

Disch. April 11. 1919 

Kiburtz, Fogo C. 
Kirkpatrick, Lloyd 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Kitchen, Daniel W. 
Klang, Frederick E. 
Klein, Francis 
Klinger, John E. 

Koepka, Henry E. 

Disch. April 7, 1919 
Korothy, Joseph J. 
Krohn, William 



Krug, Michael 
Kurmin, Robert 

Disch. June 9, 1919 
Landis, John 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Lanning, Walter L. 
Larson, Albert B. 
Lechleidner, John S. 
Lee, George P. 

Leinenger, Harry E. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Leliler, Leon A. 

Lenahan, Richard 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Levinson, Isadore 

Levey, Gustave 

Lindner, Edward W. 

Litz, William B. 

Lofy, Frank R. 

Lynch, John 

Lynch, Timothy 

McCraney, Elza C. 

McCree, Bernard T. 
McCreagh, Bernard 

McDonald, Homer 

McDougall, Harry 

McLaughlin, George A. 

McNulty. John L. 
r.Ialov/, Verney 

^Jiuke, Alvin H. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Marple, Hardley H . 

Man-,' James 

Marra, Joseph H. 

Marshall, David S. 

Martin, John L. 

Martin, Steven J. 

Disch. Anril 11, 1919 
1^'a-tusci, Pascall C. 
Tlf^halko, Frank 
?Jicl:alonis, Joe 
Miles, Dale 



79 



Milka, John 
Miller, Sam 
Minnick, Flwood 
Moon, James E. 
Moore, Forest H. 
Moorehouse, Andrew C. 
Morris, Homer D, 

Disch. April 18, 1919 
Murma, Walter H. 

Nies, Samuel R. 
Noeilla, Salvatore 
Nock, Godfrey 
Nones, Hiram P. 
Norby, Christian E. 
Obringer, Peter 
O'Keefe, Wra. J . 
Olari, Luigi 
Olsen, Martin 
Osytek, Stanley 
Owen, Reuben 
Page, Florences A. 
Palleschi, Angelo 
Palmer, Willard D. 
Patterson, Isham L. 
Patterson, Monte L. 
Payne, Albert V. 
Pierson, Harry O. 
Pellegrini, Joseph 
Pope, Anthony 
Perry, Homer 
Perlee, Clarence R. 
Peterson, Victor E. 
Pettit, Eugene 
Pfantz, Martin M. 

Pipenburg, Erwin H. 

Disch. June 13. 1919 
Pratt, Wm. E. 
Pipiow, Ernest 
Porath, Herbert E. 



Povish, Anthony 
Powell, Richard 
Prouke, Michael 
Pruett, Chester J. 
Puis, George H. 
Rae, William R. 
Rake, Louis E. 
Rainwater, Alvin 

Disch. Mar. 6. 1919 

Ralston, Alvah E. 

Ransey, James 

Ratto, Robert L. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Remey, Albert 

Reardon, Charles A. 

P-eed, Whitmore W. 

Reese, Ralph 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Reichart, Andrew 

Reidenger, Henry F. 

Disch. June 13, 1919 
Riddle, James B. 

Riding, Columbus 

Rivardo, Corado 

Rivardo, Marino 

Robinson, Elmer E. 

Roeske, Arthur 

Rogers, Frank 

Rose, Glen J. 

Saav, Thonics H. 

Salvatore, Emmo 

Sanborn, Albert R. 

Sand, Jacob 

Disch. April 7, 1911 
Santarelli, Dominic 
Sarette, Wilfred 
Schisco, Henry J. 
Shultz, Alfred 
Shultz, Abraham 
Schultz, John A. 

Disch. May 28, 1919 



SO 



Schnabb, Paul M. 

Disch. April 11. 

Scholink, Isadora 

Disch. April 11, 

Scliroeter, George A. 

Disch. April 7, 
Rchulenberg. Gustavo 

Disch. June 24, 

Scott, Roy A. 

Disch. April 11, 

Scott. William J. 
Seiferheld, Henry G. 

Disch. April 11, 

Shewey, Ernest M. 

Disch. Mar. 5, 

Skoole, Stefis 

Disch. Mar. 14, 

Smatters, John A. 

Scoggins, Rufus S. 

Schultz, Frank F. 

Scott, Clyde 

Scott. Henry B. 

Seribani, Louis 

Serotkowice, Peter 

Sheridan, John P. 

Skloduk, Alexander 

Shea, Edward F. 

Sheakley, Llewellyn R. 

Sylvester, Guiseppe 

Sladky, Joe 

Smith, Harry S. 

Smith, Clarence H. 

Smith, Frank 

Smith, Frank 

Smith, James G. 

Smith, William G. 

Bniiih, Henry M. 

Disch. April 11, 

Smith, Edgar M. 

Disch. April 11, 

Snyder, Thomas A. 

Soniat, Lucien I. 



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1919 
1919 
1919 

1919 
1919 
1919 



1919 
1919 



Specht, Amandasc B. 

Spence, Charity J. 

S perry, Ray 

Spicer, Lloyd F. 

Stange, Elner C. 

Starke, Wm. M. 

Stauber, Raymond L. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Stevens, Geo. W. 

Steven, Homer H. 

Stitzer, Chas. F. 

St. John, Ormand B. 

Sullflsh, Charles 

Sullins, John W. 

Swich, Frank S. 

Disch. April 11, 19X9 

Tangy, Fred 

Tanguay, Arthur 

Tartaglio, Mike 

Tavlin, Harry 

Teroto, Sam 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Terpeny, Harry 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Thigpen, William L. 

Thurston, Austin D. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Teudhote, Charles A. 

Tinner, Wm. A. 

Towery, Clarence D. 

Trovato, Salvatore 

Tyson, Alfred A. 

Umholtz, Harry C. 

Vance, Samuel B. H. 

Vansovitch, Casimir 

VasselopuTos, Demetreos 

Vendor, Joseph 

Venturo, Laruzzo 

Versluis, Peter 

Disch. April 11. 1919 

Voland, Edwin A. 
81 



VonKellar, Eugene 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Walls, Oliver J. 

Ward, Charles M. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Ward, Paul J. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
Wederski, James J. 
Wehrman, Henry 

Disch. April 11, 1919 

Woiskopf, John S. 
Weihe, Raymond 
Wellar, Samuel J. 
Westmond, Edward L. 
V/eston, Samuel 

Disch. April 11. 1919 
Wheeler, Norman M. 

White, Harry F. 

Whit worth, Barry A. 

Vvi Enters, Emil A. 

V/isiiamn, Howard F. 

WiUlams, Milton G. 



Wiggins, Russell R. 
Wilson, Clyde L. 
Wilson, Henry G. 
^Viison, Stanloj' 

Weinberger, Artnur L. 

Disch. April 11, 1919 
V/itman, Frank 
Wolfe, Abe 
^''olf stein, Nathan A. 
Wooters, Henry C. 
Wright, Geo. W. 
Wroten, Marion A. 
7,::;n(^ni, Guiseppe 
Zerbanos, John A. 
/. i'lGwski, Frank J. 

Downey, Thomas 

Disch. Feb. 28, 1919 
Eisner, Julian 

Disch. Feb. 24, 1919 
Pollock, Harry M. 

Disch. Feb. 15, 1919 



QUARTERMASTER CORPS 

QM Sergeant QMC 
Gessford, Victor C. 



Disch. May 22, 1919 
Re-enl. May 23, '19 

Sergeant, Senior Grade 

Bryne, John M. 

Disch. May 29, 1919 

Landman, Frank C. 

Disch. May 3, 1919 

Sergeant 

Rhea, Clyde 

Privates 1st Class 

Andon, Peter P. 

Disch. May 9, 1919 

Seigneurie, Jerry 

Disch. May 9, 1919 
Setterlund. Gust T. 

Disch. May 17, 1919 

Wirt. Clay Z. 

Disch. May 9, 1919 



Privates 
Anderson, Victor S. 

Disch. May 9, 1919 
Cappette, Pete A. 

Disch. May 9, 1919 
Dahl, Martin 

Disch. May 9, 1919 
Holovitz, Marfen 

Disch. May 9, 1919 
Thackeray, Paul R. 

Disch. May 9, 1919 
Rohrbacher, Clarence W. 

Disch. May 28. 1919 

Uraberto, Carlo 

Disch. May 16, 1919 

Moehle, Henry 

Disch. May 9, 1919 
Wagner, Fred 

Disch. May 9, 1919 
Turner, Chauncey H. 

Disch. May 9, 1919 



82 



ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 



Privates Hanson, Edward J. 

Mather, Warren S. Disch. May 7, 1919 

MOTOR TRANSPORT CORPS 



Sergeants 

Foote, Charles J. 

Lee, Harold J. 

Manning, Harry L. 

Fleming, Freedom B. 
Disch. May 6, 

Corporals 
McKernan, Francis J. 

Privates 

Andruss, Chester L. 
Bruder, Ralph F. 
Carpenter, Raymond P. 
Cook, Ernest B. Jr. 
Cortright, Wm. A. 
Crosby, Geo. A. 
D'Antoni, Stafano 
DeRonde, Lawrence J. 
Evans, George E. 
Foley, John J. 
Hales, Harry A. 
Hoss, George C. 
Houseman, Walter G. 
Kahler, Harold 
Kelley, Earl F. 
King, Arthur J. 
Lindmeyer, Robt. E. 
Malcom, Allen E. 



1919 



Mons, Wm. F, 
Petterson, Almond 
Rasmussen, Alfred 
Rickard, Edward G 
Thomason, William E. 
Watson, John G. 
Whitman, Eber B. 
Willrich, Carlton L. 
Wood, Roy W. 
Wright, George J. 
Zaroccr, Paul J. 
Taylor, Merritt T. 

Private? 

Armstrong, Floyd A. 

Disch. May 13, 
Bronowitz, Max 

Disch. May 6, 
Destino, Lorenzo 

Disch. May 23, 
Goebel, Louis H. 

Disch. May 6, 
Noack, Maxwell R. 

Disch. May 13, 
Pastor, Anthony 

Disch. May 13, 
Puffingberger, Eldred O 

Disch. Mav 23, 
Windrum, Neil R. 

Disch. May 6, 
Woodson, Thomas M. 

Disch. May 6, 



1919 
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1919 
1919 
1919 
1919 
1919 
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88 



LIBRPRY OF CONGRES 



020 913 358 1 



